PNHP

Political divide on AHCA

Political divide on AHCA

YouGov, May 6, 2017

As you may know, Republican leaders in the House of Representatives recently passed a new health bill (AHCA). Do you generally favor or oppose this bill?

Favor strongly or somewhat:
Total – 31%
Democrats – 13%
Independents – 24%
Republicans – 69%

Oppose strongly or somewhat:
Total – 44%
Democrats – 70%
Independents – 40%
Republicans – 11%

Not sure:
Total – 25%
Democrats – 17%
Independents – 36%
Republicans – 20%

http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com…

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Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

This poll is being reported as showing that Americans oppose the Republican repeal and replace health care legislation (American Health Care Act) passed by the House of Representatives. It would be more accurate to state that Republicans and Democrats are divided in their support, but many remain undecided, especially amongst Independents. Neither support nor opposition reached a majority, except within the two major parties.

Unfortunately, the results indicate that political polarization remains strong between the two parties, but that a careful consideration of the implications and consequences of the policy features of the legislation seems to be lacking. That makes the assumption that we should be able to agree on what is better for America – affordable and accessible health care for all, or that individuals need to be empowered to take ownership of their health care or do without.

It is tragic that we reduce public health policies to a battle of political slogans. The health of the nation depends on getting the policies right. Too many of us seem to tune in to what our political leaders have to say, and then parrot their words. What a terrible way to try to craft rational, humane policy.

Many contend that moving forward from a political divide requires bipartisanship – compromise. No, not when both sides are wrong. Merging ACA and AHCA would only perpetuate our high costs, inequities, and wasteful administrative inefficiencies. We need to eject the politicians and move on with crafting reform based on sound policies. Perhaps it’s time to bring the sociologists into the arena.

Now is the time for Medicare for all

Single-payer program saves money

By Jessica Schorr Saxe, M.D.
Charlotte Post, May 11, 2017

Have you—or anyone you know—skipped needed health care because of cost? Since this is true of one in three Americans, you probably answered yes. Do you think this is unfair?

When I worked as a family doctor at Carolinas Medical Center-Biddle Point, I saw people every day who didn’t get needed health care because they couldn’t pay. I don’t think it’s fair. There is another kind of health care system which would eliminate this unfairness.

Amid the talk of health care change—repeal the Affordable Care Act, AKA Obamacare or replace it or improve it—more and more voices are speaking out for improving and expanding Medicare for all. This is also known as a single-payer system.

Why? Health in this country is poor, with lower life expectancies, worse infant mortality (deaths of babies before the age of one), and poorer health than other developed countries. These statistics are much worse for African-Americans than for the general population. And we spend more money than other countries—about twice as much per person as the average developed country. All of those countries provide health care for all, while we do not.

They do it by providing universal access to health care, through some form of a single-payer system. Single-payer health care refers to a financing mechanism by which one payer (either the government or an agency established by the government) pays the bills. Our current complicated system includes payments by Medicare, Medicaid, numerous insurance companies (with thousands of different plans), all of which have different rules. This unwieldy bureaucracy creates headaches—and expense—for patients, hospitals, and doctors’ offices.

We, too, could have a single-payer system if Congress passed HR 676, the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act, It currently has 108 co-sponsors, more than ever since it was first introduced in 2003. More than half of the Democrats in Congress, including all three from North Carolina, are co-sponsors. Rep. Alma Adams of the 12th District was the first representative from N.C. to sign on.

HR 676 would eliminate all co-pays and deductibles—so we would no longer have one-third of our country who could not afford needed care.

How would we afford to cover everyone? An article in the Annals of Internal Medicine in February noted that we would save over $600 billion. This would come from decreasing costs of administration as well as lower prescription drug costs. We would fund this program through small progressive increases in taxes.

Don’t like taxes? You are likely to find that you pay much less in taxes than you’re currently paying for health care. And the billions of dollars in savings would allow us to cover everyone.

Think of what health care coverage for all would mean. Everyone would be able to get the care they need and no longer have to make choices between seeing a doctor and paying their other bills. This would allow us to improve the health of our country. Further, we could reduce racial disparities.

Do you know anyone who suffers from lack of needed health care, anxiety over their medical bills, or getting inequitable care because of their financial limitations? Then you, too, should support improving Medicare and expanding it to all.

Dr. Jessica Schorr Saxe is chair of Health Care Justice – NC.

http://www.thecharlottepost.com…

Faso urged to change his vote

By Steffie Woolhandler, M.D., M.P.H., and David Himmelstein, M.D.
The (Hudson, N.Y.) Register-Star, May 11, 2017

Congressman Faso’s vote for the GOP’s American Healthcare Act (AHCA) that repeals much of the Affordable Care Act (the ACA or Obamacare) gravely threatens the health of thousands of his constituents.

The GOP bill would take $880 billion out of Medicaid, and another $312 billion out of subsidies that help working families buy private coverage through the ACA exchanges. Instead of helping people get care, this money would be diverted to give an $800 billion tax-break windfall to people with incomes over $200,000, as well as big insurance and drug companies. The rest of us would get virtually no tax relief.

In Rep. Faso’s district, the ACA has expanded Medicaid by 68,600 and helped another 16,500 afford new coverage through the exchange. All told, his vote threatens to strip coverage from 85,100 people in our district, would weaken protections for people with pre-existing conditions, boost premiums for people over 40, and take tens of millions of dollars from our hospitals and clinics.

The ACA is deeply flawed. It left 28 million Americans uninsured and millions more with unaffordable premiums, deductibles and copayments. But the GOP plan would make things worse. Instead of moving backward, we should move forward from the ACA to a Medicare for All plan like the one proposed by Bernie Sanders and Rep. John Conyers (HR 676).

Rep. Faso can change his vote if the AHCA comes back to the House of Representatives for a final vote after the Senate acts on it. Please urge him to vote “no” next time, and to endorse HR 676. The health of our neighbors hangs in the balance.

http://www.registerstar.com…

Medical debt and personal bankruptcy

How the Affordable Care Act Drove Down Personal Bankruptcy

By Allen St. John
Consumer Reports, May 2, 2017

http://www.consumerreports.org…

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Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

It is reassuring to learn that personal bankruptcies are declining, but we should not extrapolate the conclusion that the Affordable Care Act is responsible for largely eliminating the problem of medical debt. It is still very much with us.

In 2016, about 43.8 million Americans had problems paying medical bills in the past 12 months. A Consumer Reports survey in January of this year revealed that “55 percent of consumers said they lacked confidence that they or their loved ones would be able to afford insurance to secure that care.” Affordability of health insurance and health care remains a major problem in the United States.

It is likely that the expansion of Medicaid and the introduction of generous subsidies for low-income individuals reduced the rate of medical debt amongst the 20 million people who gained coverage under ACA, but the reduction in the rate of personal bankruptcy for the other 300 million Americans was more likely due to a combination of an improved economy and the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 which made it much more difficult to file for personal bankruptcy. (The albatross of life-long debt is another story.)

When over half of Americans lack confidence that they can afford health insurance and almost 44 million are already having difficulties paying their medical bills, we have a problem. It could be virtually eliminated by enacting a well designed single payer national health program – an improved Medicare for all – that automatically includes everyone while removing financial barriers to care. Celebrating ACA is not enough.

Harvard Medical School researchers find limited access to pediatric mental health care in five major U.S. cities

Simulated patient study points to long wait times, bias against Medicaid patients and misinformation by private insurers

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE, May 10, 2017
Contact: Clare Fauke, communications specialist, PNHP, 312-782-6006 or clare@pnhp.org
J.Wesley Boyd, M.D., Cambridge Health Alliance, 617-833-1840 or jwboyd@cha.harvard.edu

A new study published in the International Journal of Health Services  found that access to outpatient mental health care for children—whether with a child psychiatrist or a pediatrician—is very limited, even for those with private insurance or the ability to pay out of pocket for care. Almost one-fifth of children and adolescents in the United States suffer from a serious mental disorder, but fewer than half of those needing care receive treatment. Researchers found several roadblocks to obtaining timely care, including longer wait times for psychiatric appointments versus pediatric appointments, a lack of providers accepting Medicaid patients and incorrect contact information provided by the insurer.

The study attempted to replicate the experience of a parent trying to obtain needed psychiatric care for a child. Using the Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) online database of in-network providers, the authors called child psychiatrists and pediatricians in the Boston, Seattle, Minneapolis, Chapel Hill, and Houston metropolitan areas. Researchers called the offices of 601 pediatricians and 312 child psychiatrists claiming to be the parent of a 12-year-old child with depression seeking the earliest possible appointment. The authors altered their proposed method of payment, randomly stating either that they 1) carried BCBS PPO insurance, 2) carried Medicaid, or 3) were willing to pay out of pocket for care.

The roadblocks to care include the following:

  • Longer wait times for psychiatry appointments: Pediatricians were twice as likely to see new patients and to see them sooner than child psychiatrists. Appointments were obtained with 40% of pediatricians but only 17% of child psychiatrists; the mean wait time for psychiatry appointments was 30 days longer than for pediatrics. Research has shown that long wait times for mental health appointments can negatively impact a person’s engagement in care.
  • Limited access for children on Medicaid: Callers were less likely to obtain appointments for children on Medicaid (22%) than for those with private insurance (37%) or the ability to pay out-of-pocket (37%). Measures to increase physicians acceptance of public insurance, such as higher physician reimbursement and decreased administrative paperwork, may help improve access for patients with Medicaid.
  • Incorrect contact information listed by insurer: One of the most common barriers to making appointments was incorrect or outdated provider information listed on the BCBS site, suggesting that insurance companies may not be vigilant about maintaining accurate databases. “Given how difficult it can be for parents to obtain needed mental health care for their children, insurance companies need to ensure that their provider lists contain accurate information and are as user-friendly as possible,” said lead author Shireen Cama, M.D., a child psychiatry fellow at Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School.

Analysis: Private insurers lack incentive for improving access to care

Senior author J. Wesley Boyd, M.D., Ph.D., an attending psychiatrist at Cambridge Health Alliance and faculty member in psychiatry and in the Center for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School, observed that under America’s fragmented, for-profit health insurance system, private insurers do not have an incentive to ensure better access to care. “We found that rosters of health professionals provided by insurance companies often include providers who have either left a practice location, are no longer accepting new patients, or simply aren’t listed with a correct phone number,” said Dr. Boyd. “Insurance companies profit when their enrollees are unable to access care, and patients suffer as a result. We need to take the profit motive out of health care and adopt a single payer, Medicare for all system that guarantees care for patients, not profits for insurers.”

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“Availability of outpatient mental health care by pediatricians and child psychiatrists in five U.S. cities,” Shireen Cama, M.D., Monica Malowney, M.P.H., Anna Jo Bodurtha Smith, M.D., M.P.H., Margaret Spottswood, M.D., M.P.H., Elisa Cheng, M.D., Louis Ostrowsky, M.D., Jose Rengifo, M.D., J. Wesley Boyd, M.D., Ph.D. International Journal of Health Services, May 9, 2017. A copy of the full study is available to media professionals upon request from Clare Fauke, clare@pnhp.org or 312-782-6006.

Physicians for a National Health Program (www.pnhp.org) is a nonprofit research and educational organization of more than 21,000 doctors who support a single-payer national health program. PNHP had no role in funding or otherwise supporting the studies or commentary described above.

True fix to health care system won’t come with private insurance companies

By Mark Hickling
The Vashon-Maury Island (Wash.) Beachcomber, May 10, 2017

Public roads. Public libraries. Public street lighting. Public schools. Publicly funded fire departments and police departments. Publicly funded military. These are things that We The People have established to ensure our safety and survival in this difficult world.

But there’s one item missing, one item included in the public contract of every other advanced nation: publicly funded universal health insurance.

As a nation, our unique failure to publicly fund health insurance places the well-being of We The People in the hands of profit-making private insurance companies driven, each year, to continually grow profits by raising premiums while further cutting operational costs — restricting access to health care through complex contractual means and ever-tightening networks.

The ACA, for all of its goodness, failed to address this dynamic. Instead it emboldened and empowered private insurers, handing over public money to boost their bottom lines.

The Republican House has now slapped We The People in the face, reminding us that profit making is a heartless business — a business that does not care about our health or financial survival — a business that should not stand between our loved ones and life-saving care.

We The People demand a fair and cost-efficient system, one that does not burden us (or our employers) with the incredible costs and inefficiencies of our current, outdated system.

It is time for us to join every other advanced nation in the world by switching to publicly funded health insurance: Medicare For All — America’s original, publicly funded single-payer insurer for more than 50 years, available now only to people 65 and older.

Improved Medicare For All. Let’s make this happen. Learn more about this at PNHP.org: Physicians for a National Health Program.

http://www.vashonbeachcomber.com…

Healthy Indiana patients are being dumped into lower-tier plan

More than half of Indiana’s alternative Medicaid recipients didn’t make payment required for top service

By Maureen Groppe
IndyStar, May 8, 2017

More than half the low-income people who qualified for Indiana’s alternative Medicaid program failed to make a monthly payment required for the top tier of service — a key feature of the program Vice President Mike Pence insisted on as a condition to expanding the health care program when he was Indiana’s governor.

That’s according to a new evaluation of the Healthy Indiana Plan, a program designed by Indiana health care consultant Seema Verma, who — as the new administrator for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services — can now grant other states permission to impose similar monthly fees.

Opponents say the department of Health and Human Services should not allow other states to do this, because this study and other research has shown requiring poor people to pay is a barrier to care.

Verma, along with HHS Secretary Tom Price, already have told states they want to be as permissive as possible.

Of the 590,315 Hoosiers determined eligible for Medicaid during the 22 months after Indiana expanded eligibility, 55 percent either never made the first payment or missed one while on the program.

Nearly nine in 10 ended up in the lower-tier plan as a result, according to an evaluation done for the state and submitted to the federal government.

“The evaluation makes clear that Healthy Indiana’s complicated use of premium payments is not working,” said Joan Alker, executive director of Georgetown University’s Center for Children and Families. “More than half of the enrollees have missed a payment at some point, and as a result are bouncing around in and out of coverage sources or no coverage at all. These are very poor people for whom premiums are a hardship.”

Pence insisted on including monthly payments as a condition for expanding Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act. He argued the payments promote personal responsibility and better decision making by patients who have “skin in the game.”

It’s a sentiment shared by Verma. “The Healthy Indiana Plan is about empowering individuals to take ownership for their health,” Verma said during her confirmation hearing.

The insurance companies which offer the Medicaid plans say Indiana’s payment requirements and two-tiered system is more costly to administer.

http://www.indystar.com…

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Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

Although we’ve covered this topic before, this report provides new evidence that the Healthy Indiana Plan is providing a disservice to eligible Medicaid beneficiaries by shifting most of them into the lower-tier plan where they lose dental and vision benefits, have more limited drug coverage, and are exposed to copayments. Since most of these individuals have no discretionary income, many do without these important services. This is the opposite of what a program designed to provide low-income individuals with affordable access to health care should be doing.

One of the major problems with our health care financing system is that we pay hundreds of billions of dollars for outrageous administrative waste. Now the insurers report that the Healthy Indiana Plan is even more costly to administer than traditional Medicaid. Just exactly what we need – more administrative waste!

Recently-appointed CMS Administrator Seema Verma worked with then Governor Mike Pence to establish this ideologically-driven but cruel policy, and now she wants to work with HHS Secretary Tom Price to expand this concept to other states. Enough! We do not need more inefficiency and impaired access to care. We need a single payer national health program – an improved Medicare for all so that all of us can have the care that we need, when we need it.

Free market is a disaster for sick Americans

By Phil Kadner
Chicago Sun-Times, May 9, 2017

Will someone please tell me what evidence exists that a free market benefits consumers in this country when it comes to health insurance? Would anyone even argue that market demand ought to determine how much a person pays when it comes to saving the life of a baby?

The average working stiff has little choice when it comes to health insurance. If you are lucky enough to have an employer who provides insurance as a benefit, that’s what you’re stuck with because going into the free market (before Obamacare) meant you were going to have to pay a king’s ransom on private insurance premiums.

Millions of Americans, of course, had no health insurance prior to Obamacare.

That’s because many of them had pre-existing conditions, which included cancer, diabetes, mental health problems, heart conditions, kidney disease and many more.

Obamacare, for the first time, required that insurance companies cover people with pre-existing conditions. That is a government regulation that offends many conservative Republicans because it interferes with the free market.

Most Americans, however, realize that given the freedom to deny coverage to sick people, insurance companies would do exactly that.

If you’re in business to make a profit, you do not want to cover people who are going to cost your company a lot of money. You would prefer to customers who are young and healthy. These are people considered low-risk individuals who still pay pretty stiff premiums to protect themselves against that day they get a serious illness, or suffer a terrible injury.

That’s how the free market health insurance system works if left alone by the government. That’s how it worked for decades before Obamacare.

I would also point out that even low-risk people with insurance were sometimes told their illness did not qualify for medical coverage, or that the treatment recommended by their doctors was considered experimental so would not be covered.

Insurance companies have their own panel of doctors and medical experts who make those decisions. Your doctor’s opinion does not override theirs. Of course, you could also file a lawsuit and spend years in court fighting their decision. That’s how the free market works.

Every other nation in the civilized world has single-payer national health insurance, which is similar to Medicare in the United States. Everyone is thrown together in one insurance pool.

Even President Donald Trump recently acknowledged that’s a better system, noting Australia’s health system is better than that of the United States.

Unlike the rest of the industrialized world, our government does nothing to control medical costs. Nor does it do anything to control prescription drug costs.

So in the free market that is the United States,  a drug company that owns the rights to EpiPens, life-saving injection devices commonly used to treat people suffering from severe allergic reactions, can increase the price of a two-injection packet to $600. The actually cost of the drug inside was valued at less than $20. The same injection pen drug duo sells for $290 in Canada.

From 2013 to 2015, the average cost of prescription drugs in the United States rose 25 percent.

Health insurance and drug companies, by the way, spend massive amounts of money on commercial advertising and political lobbying in the United States. That is the free market at work.

If you believe in health care that is more expensive, if you believe in insurance that covers fewer people, if you think it’s right to deny insurance to babies born with birth defects, then you are a true believer in the free market.

If not, join the fight for single-payer, universal health care.

http://chicago.suntimes.com…

The Republican Health Care Bill Is An American Tragedy

By Sandro Galea, M.D.
WBUR (Boston), May 9, 2017

Last Thursday, congressional Republicans voted to pass the American Health Care Act, the first step in fulfilling their pledge to “repeal and replace” former President Obama’s health care law, the Affordable Care Act. This comes after attempts to pass an earlier version of the Republican health care bill imploded about a month ago. If the new version of the bill becomes law, it stands to reshape both the landscape of American health and the health care industry — one-sixth of our economy.

While the full scope of the changes the GOP health care redux would bring are still uncertain — the bill was passed before the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office had a chance to evaluate it — the replacement health care plan will likely challenge Medicaid expansion, open the door to denying coverage to people with pre-existing conditions, and ultimately cause millions of Americans to lose health coverage.

It is perhaps not surprising, then, that the bill is opposed by nearly all major medical and public health associations in the United States, including the American Medical Association, the American College of Cardiology, the American Public Health Association and the AARP. Their opposition is warranted. Replacing the Affordable Care Act with the House-approved Republican health care plan would be an American tragedy, a tremendous step backward that we should collectively reject.

Given that the Affordable Care Act debate has spanned almost a decade, and the broader debate over health care reform in America stretches back to the middle of the last century, it is easy to wonder: Why is this such a fraught issue in the United States? It seems to me that there are two fundamental reasons.

First, America has not yet decided, at the level of basic national values, why it is important to offer universal health coverage to its citizens. This may sound strange. After all, is not the desire to keep ourselves and our family healthy a sufficient reason to support legislation designed to do just that? Perhaps, to a limited extent, it is. But a national health care system is more than a series of measures that shield us from disease and heal us when we are afflicted. It is a statement. It says that we, as a country, have chosen to care for each other in times of need, not just because it is in our self-interest to do so, but because to do otherwise would be a betrayal of our core ideals as Americans. The American health care debate, for all its many iterations over the years, has never been presented to us in these terms — as an issue that is, before anything else, a moral one. Because the critical question of the law’s raison d’être has remained unresolved, the Affordable Care Act has been vulnerable to the kind of attacks and distortions we have seen leveled at it in recent years.

Second, American health care in its current form lacks a federal requirement providing for necessary health services — such as doctor and hospital visits — to be sustained through a single payer system, which would ensure that all receive coverage, regardless of the rules of a given local market. So far, we have seen no legislative push to create such a requirement, nor much political will to bring health care under the umbrella of a single authority, one that would be accountable for maintaining a universal coverage guarantee. The Affordable Care Act, as it stands, is more quilt than whole cloth — a patchwork of legislative deals struck between interest groups, overseen by a range of stakeholders. This is a far cry from where we need to be, if we are to have a durable, effective means of delivering health care in this country.

Each of these critiques speaks to what the Affordable Care Act truly requires: reform, and perhaps bolder re-imagination to tackle some of its foundational challenges. It does not, however, require hasty and reckless repeal. It requires careful improvement, carried out in good faith, with the intention of protecting health, not scoring political points.

This is not likely to happen until we decide that health care truly is a right of citizenship — an extension of national values — and resolve to create a secure legislative framework to safeguard that right, now and in the future. The GOP health care bill does nothing to advance this vision. Rather than giving us a bill that arises from a clear moral case for what health care in this country should be, the Republican Congress has produced what amounts to a moral catastrophe.

News that the Senate may rewrite the bill, possibly tempering some of its more draconian features, provides mild reassurance. Perhaps the wave of public support for the Affordable Care Act can indeed give rise to its improvement so that one day, affordable and universal health coverage will become a non-negotiable norm in America.

Dr. Sandro Galea is dean of the Boston University School of Public Health and an expert in social epidemiology, trauma, and the health of urban populations.

http://www.wbur.org…

Search for mental health care for children is often fruitless

By Liz Kowalczyk
Boston Globe, May 9, 2017

Harvard researchers posing as the parent of a depressed 12-year-old called hundreds of child psychiatrists and pediatricians looking for appointments, and discovered what many actual parents know through bitter experience: Most of the time the calls were fruitless.

The group phoned 913 doctors listed as network providers by Blue Cross Blue Shield organizations in Boston, Chapel Hill, N.C., Houston, Minneapolis, and Seattle. After two attempts, they were able to get an appointment with a pediatrician 40 percent of the time and with a psychiatrist a meager 17 percent, according to the study published Tuesday in the International Journal of Health Services.

The obstacles began with the insurers’ online provider directories, which they tout as a tool to help consumers find doctors. But when researchers called the offices listed, they were often told that the doctor had retired or moved, or that the phone number was simply wrong. Even when the listing was accurate, a longstanding shortage of child psychiatrists meant that many practices were not taking new patients or had long wait lists.

Cheryl Meas, the mother of a teenager in Lowell, can vouch for the study’s discouraging results. A year and a half ago, the clinic that had been treating her 15-year-old son for anxiety and a mood disorder for five years suddenly closed due to bankruptcy. There, he had seen a therapist and a nurse practitioner who, working with a psychiatrist, prescribed his medications.

After the clinic closed, her son’s pediatrician agreed to prescribe his medicines temporarily, but that grew into months. Meas repeatedly called Magellan Health, which handles mental health benefits for her employer. She told the company that she would take any doctor within an hour and 15 minute drive of her home. Each time Magellan gave her names of psychiatrists in the network who treat children. Each time, she struck out.

“They sent me a bunch of doctors who don’t even practice anymore,’’ Meas said. “We went through this for six months. We just went in circles.’’

She ultimately called more than 40 psychiatrists, including a few from the Yellow Pages, she said. Meanwhile, her son was taking a turn for the worse and his pediatrician was not sure how to adjust his medicine, Meas said. The Department of Mental Health eventually referred her to an agency in Lowell and, with help from an advocate, was able to persuade Magellan to pay for an out-of-network provider. The company said in a statement that it “strives to provide the most accurate and up-to-date information.’’

Meas was able to keep her son stable during this unsettled period, but that is not always the case, said Dr. J. Wesley Boyd, a study coauthor and a psychiatrist at Cambridge Health Alliance.

“In some cases, kids will hold on and be OK until they get to that first appointment,’’ he said. “In other cases, a crisis will arise in the meantime and they will end up in the emergency room.’’

School work and relationships with family and friends also can suffer during the delay, said Lisa Lambert, executive director of the Parent/Professional Advocacy League in Boston and Worcester. “Parents are often exhausted because they are trying to manage what is happening but they are not sure if they are doing the right thing,’’ she said.

In the study, Boyd, who is affiliated with Harvard Medical School, and his coauthors chose five cities in different regions that spanned the country. They made the calls in 2015, and included pediatricians because they provide a growing amount of mental health care amid the psychiatrist shortage. The callers asked for the first available appointment — but did not go through with making it.

They tracked the wait for an appointment in cases where a slot was available. It ranged from an average of 12 days in Chapel Hill to 30 days in Seattle — though the average wait time for a psychiatrist was far longer at 43 days. The overall average wait in the Boston area was 15 days.

Researchers also found that the chance of getting an appointment plummeted when they said the child was insured by Medicaid, the government program for the poor and disabled. When they told doctors’ offices they had private insurance or would pay out-of-pocket, they got an appointment 37 percent of the time. When they mentioned Medicaid, that dropped to 22 percent. Boyd said fewer doctors accept Medicaid, which tends to pay doctors lower rates.

Twenty-two percent of the pediatricians called and 26 percent of psychiatrists were not accepting new patients.

The shortage of child psychiatrists has been well documented. The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry said there are about 8,000 child and adolescent psychiatrists in the United States but that about 30,000 are needed to treat children afflicted with mental illness; estimates are that about one in five children requires such treatment.

The group ranks Massachusetts as a state with a “high’’ but not “severe’’ shortage overall, with about 442 child psychiatrists. The gap, however, is considered severe on the North Shore, the South Shore, and in Hampden County.

The organization blames the shortage in part on the extensive training requirements. Residents must finish two additional years of training in treating children, after an initial three years in adult psychiatry, leaving them with huge debts. The academy is lobbying states to approve loan forgiveness programs.

Another obstacle researchers faced was inaccurate provider lists on the Blue Cross websites — a phenomenon Lambert refers to as ghost networks. In 24 percent of the calls made to child psychiatrists, the doctor no longer worked there, the receptionist had never heard of the doctor, or it was otherwise the wrong number.

“We recognize that this is a problem,’’ said Dr. Ken Duckworth, medical director of behavioral health at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts. He said the insurer has begun sending quarterly reminders to all its doctors to update their contact information and work status.

Duckworth said Blue Cross provides financial support to the Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Access Project, a longstanding program that assists pediatricians treating patients with mental health diagnoses.

“We want people to get the help they need, and we want them to be seen,’’ he said.

But not all pediatricians are comfortable caring for these patients, even with extra help, especially given the increasing use of psychiatric drugs, leading to some children being on three or four medications at once.

Asked if he has any advice for parents trying to find a child psychiatrist, Boyd said “you just have to be dramatically persistent.’’

Meas is bracing for another frustrating search. Her son’s new psychiatrist told her last week that she is leaving the Lowell practice. If the organization can’t replace her, it will be up to Meas to find someone.

https://www.bostonglobe.com…

PNHP Note: To read our news release on the Harvard study cited above, click here. To read the full study in the International Journal of Health Services, click here.