PNHP

OneCare single payer video

OneCare single payer video

OneCareNow.org

Teams in more than 365 California cities are conducting grassroots educational and public awareness “action” events–one event per day, in a different city, for one year–to demand quality, affordable healthcare for all Californians.

http://www.onecarenow.org/index.html

Comment:

By Don McCanne, MD

The OneCareNow campaign is designed to inform the citizens of California about the advantages of single payer reform and Sen. Sheila Kuehl’s legislation to enact it. Although SB 840 was vetoed by Gov. Schwarzenegger, it will be re-introduced in the next legislative session.

The OneCareNow campaign has produced a 22 minute video explaining the advantages of single payer reform. The video is of value not only for Californians, but for the entire nation in that it describes the imperative for a single payer solution, albeit from the California perspective.

The video, The Healthcare Solution: California OneCare, can be viewed on YouTube at the following link (save this link to share with others):

http://youtube.com/watch?v=jB0Vn_BppwM

Public and private spending in Canada and the United States

Health care spending to reach $148 billion this year

Canadian Institute for Health Information
December 5, 2006

The public and private shares of total health care spending have remained fairly steady over the past decade. This year, the public share is expected to account for 70.3% of total health care spending, in line with the 70/30 ratio of public/private spending seen over the last ten years.

http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/dispPage.jsp?cw_page=media_05dec2006_e#2

Full report: National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975-2006
http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/dispPage.jsp?cw_page=PG_592_E&cw_topic=592&cw_rel=AR_31_E

From a “Quote of the Day” earlier this week:

Mining data from the National Health Expenditures Accounts, Mr. (Thomas) Selden found that public expenditures on health care — Medicare, Medicaid, military health care and federal employee benefits — accounted for $888 billion of the $1.96 trillion spent on health care in 2004. Adding in the aforementioned subsidies (tax exemptions for employer-sponsored plans), and premiums paid for public-sector employees, the total comes to $1.2 trillion, or 61 percent.

Uwe E. Reinhardt, the James Madison professor of political economy at Princeton, suggests adding 5 percent for the federal mandate that hospitals provide free health care to the uninsured. “So government accounts for about two-thirds of health care spending,” Mr. Reinhardt said.

https://pnhp.org/news/2006/december/private_plans_pay_so.php

Comment:

By Don McCanne, MD

The policy lesson? Do not let anyone ever again claim that the new taxes required to fund a single payer system would require an intolerable drain on the economy. We are already paying those taxes, and the economy has not suffered as a result.

This does not mean that we don’t need new tax policies. Changes should be made to improve equity and increase transparency in our public financing of health care. The fairness and efficiency that a single payer system would bring us have been goals that have been elusive under our current fragmented system of funding health care.

Transparency in Health Care Insurance

By Kip Sullivan
Z Magazine

Comedian Jon Lovitz used to do a skit for “Saturday Night Live” in which he played Tommy Flanagan, the pathological liar. Lovitz’s character was always telling tall tales that made him look good. When a tale would become so outrageous even he suspected he was about to be exposed, Flanagan would stop for a moment, then, with a huge grin, he would blurt out a new fib and proclaim, “Yeah, that’s the ticket.”

The health insurance industry is proving to be a master at the Jon Lovitz routine. For a quarter-century the industry and its apologists in business, politics, and academia told the public managed care would solve the health care crisis. When even diehard defenders of the industry realized in the late 1990s that managed care had flopped, the industry came up with a new excuse to justify its existence and to distract public attention from real health care reform. Of the several names bestowed on the new excuse, the most faddish is transparency in health care. “Yeah, transparency, that’s the ticket.”

Like “health maintenance organization” and “consumer-driven health plan” (to name two other misnomers coined by the insurance industry and their hangers-on), “transparency in health care” is terribly misleading. The phrase evokes glorious visions of a world in which:

  • Data on the quality of doctors and hospitals and other health care providers are published in great quantities (by whom is unclear)
  • This cornucopia of data forces providers to improve quality
  • The improved quality leads to lower costs

The odds against any of these steps occurring are great. The likelihood that all three will occur is zero. But the promoters of transparency dogma are powerful. Transparency evangelists come from the insurance and computer industries, big business, the Republican and Democratic parties, academia, and the world of corporate-funded think tanks. CEOs John Chambers (Cisco Systems), Steven S. Reinemund (PepsiCo), Frederick W. Smith (FedEx), and Ivan G. Seidenberg (Verizon) are just a few of the business executives who tout transparency. Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-NY) is the most prominent Democrat in the movement. In 2005 she sponsored legislation promoting the computerization of all medical records (an essential component of the transparency fantasy) and held press conferences celebrating the magic of quality measurement with Senator Bill Frist (R-TN) and former Speaker Newt Gingrich.

Like managed care theology before it, transparency theology draws support from the elite because it is consistent with conservative fantasies about making “the health care market” work. The insurance industry and its conservative allies understand that if “market reform” fails to solve the health care crisis, greater regulation, possibly in the form of a single-payer (or Medicare-for-all) system, will come sooner rather than later.

George W. Bush is one of many conservatives who misrepresent what regulation or a single-payer system would mean (government will “tell your doctor how to practice medicine” is the usual misrepresentation) and then brandish that caricature as justification for their support. Bush’s opening remarks at a press conference in Minnesota last August, at which he endorsed “transparency in health care,” illustrate this tactic. “We’ve got an interesting debate in health care in America,” Bush intoned in front of an invited audience in a fancy hotel in a wealthy suburb of Minneapolis. “And I guess if I had to summarize how I view it, I would say there’s a choice between having the government make decisions or consumers make decisions. I stand on the side of encouraging consumers. I think the most important relationship in health care is between…the patient and the doc…. And health care policy ought to be aimed at bolstering the consumer, empowering individuals to be responsible for health care decisions–is kind of the crux about what we’re talking about.”

In Bush’s world transparency is the great weapon against further government involvement in the U.S. health care system, and transparency will be achieved by the publication of report cards on clinics and hospitals. The grades on these report cards will render doctors and hospitals transparent. Once transparency is achieved, a series of other events will occur, to wit: patients will “shop” for the best providers, quality will rise, costs will come down, and everybody but the crummy clinics and hospitals, which scored poorly on report cards, will be better off.

Bush announced he had selected Minnesota to endorse transparency in health care because it is the home of Community Measurement Project (CMP), a coalition of Minnesota’s largest health insurance companies that produces a report card on Minnesota providers. Bush told the executive director of the CMP, who was present at the event, that the CMP is a “leading edge” report card that will make providers transparent. The CMP report card (www.mnhealth.org) suffers from four defects:

  • It has very limited scope (it covers only a portion of Minnesota’s clinics and hospitals and attempts to measure only a tiny fraction of medical services offered by those providers)
  • It measures services at the “provider” level, not the individual doctor level
  • Grades tend to bunch up so that distinguishing one “provider” from another is impossible
  • The grades are inaccurate

A brief discussion of each of these defects shows how expensive it will be to fix them. First, the CMP report card is quite limited in the number of providers and services it purports to grade. It covers fewer than half of all clinics in the state and covers only child vaccination rates, well-baby visits to doctors, and treatments for six diseases (asthma, depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, and chlamydia) out of thousands of diseases and conditions for which people are treated these days. Obviously, collecting data on thousands of other medical services on all providers in the state will make this report card much more expensive.

Second, despite Bush’s talk about “you and your doctor,” there is no information about individual doctors on the CMP report card. Grades are available only for entire “provider networks”–groups of clinics and hospitals, some with dozens of clinics and hospitals in them. Common sense and research indicate that to the extent patients want information on medical quality, they want it for particular health care professionals, not for entire clinic-hospital chains. The reason data on individual doctors is not offered is that the CMP is not collecting data on enough patients to make a statistical analysis of individual doctors possible. In other words, if the total number of patients in CMP’s current database were broken down by doctor instead of by provider network, the sample sizes for the vast majority of doctors would be too small to permit rigorous analysis. Collecting data on many more patients means, obviously, greater expense.

Like the first two defects, the third defect–bunched up grades–is due to CMP’s effort to make report cards on the cheap. CMP issues only three grades (one, two, or three stars; which look like the glittery little plastic stars elementary school teachers use) and the vast majority of networks get two stars. Even if you wanted to know the grade of entire provider fiefdoms rather than of individual doctors, CMP grades rarely distinguish one fiefdom from the other .

The fourth and most important defect in the CMP report card is that it is grossly inaccurate, and–to make this defect more insidious–the inaccuracy is not mentioned or even hinted at in the CMP website. On the contrary, the first page of the website assures readers that the report card contains “accurate, comparative details on the quality of care at Minnesota’s provider groups.” The grades are inaccurate for several reasons. The two most important of which are failure to adjust the grades to reflect differences in patients that doctors have no control over and failure to ensure that patients the CMP says are patients of Network X really are patients of Network X.

The grades are not adjusted for differences in the patients seen by each network, notably, differences in their health, quality of insurance, and income. It is much easier for doctors who see primarily healthy, well-insured, and/or upper-income patients to score well on CMP’s report card than it is for doctors who see primarily sicker-than-average, poorly insured, and/or low-income patients. “Some communities… have more resources to influence outcomes than others,” said Dr. Randall Maxey, an Inglewood, California nephrologist, in a recent interview with American Medical News about report cards the Bush administration is preparing for physicians who treat Medicare beneficiaries. “I may treat you exactly correctly and give you the right pills, but if you have to choose between buying pills and giving your baby milk, that drug may lose out and my performance may be judged as poor because of it.”

Consider two of the CMP “quality measures” for diabetes: percent of diabetic patients who have their HbA1c count (a measure of blood sugar) under 8 percent and percent who have their cholesterol under 130. The Neighborhood Health Care Network (NHCN), a coalition of six clinics which serves primarily poor, uninsured people in the Twin Cities, ranked very low on this “quality” measure. Only 46 percent of the diabetics who visited NHCN doctors in 2004 had their blood sugar under the target level and (apparently coincidentally) only 46 percent had their cholesterol under 130. By comparison, the average for all provider groups for both measures was 65 percent. The 46 percent score was so low compared to the other provider groups that CMP gave MHCN one star.

What should readers make of this bad grade? By assuring readers that the report card is “accurate,” the insurance companies behind the CMP project lead readers to think NHCN is doing an inferior job of getting the sugar and cholesterol levels of its diabetics down. But because the CMP did not adjust NHCN’s grades to reflect the fact that NHCN doctors treat a sicker, less well-insured, and poorer population, we cannot conclude that NHCN’s doctors are inferior. Given the circumstances NHCN’s doctors are up against, it’s possible they are superior doctors and their low grades reflect forces they cannot overcome. NHCN doctors may have prescribed appropriate cholesterol-lowering medications (such as Lipitor or Zocor) to all their diabetics, for example, but because many of those patients had insurance with no drug coverage, or drug coverage that required co-payments they couldn’t afford, they failed to fill their prescriptions.

The inaccuracy of the CMP grades is aggravated by the sloppy methodology used to “assign” patients to networks. The CMP simply assigns patients according to which network patients used the most in the course of a year. So, for example, if you were a diabetic who made seven visits to doctors in one year, and four of those visits were to doctors in Network A and three were to doctors in Network B, Network A will take all the blame or all the credit for your cholesterol level.

Like the other three defects, this fourth defect is fixable, but only at great cost. The CMP could, in theory, decide to adjust grades on diabetes care, for example, to correct for differences in factors outside doctors’ control–patient age, sex, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels when the patient first visited the clinic, number of years diagnosed with diabetes, history of other diseases such as coronary artery disease, education level, income level, and presence of co-payments for prescription drugs, to name a few. But the cost of collecting all that data will be immense. And that’s just for the diabetes scores.

When he endorsed transparency and the Community Measurement Project last August, Bush claimed the CMP-like report cards would lead to a cut in total health care spending of 25 to 30 percent. That will never happen.

The insurance industry, cheered on by the transparency crowd, may crank out lots of cheap report cards suffering from the four defects of the CMP card. Or it may spend enormous sums of money to produce report cards that don’t have those defects. Whichever route they choose, costs are more likely to go up than down. The transparency hype will, however, have distracted attention from the only solution to the health care crisis–single-payer or Medicare for all.

Kip Sullivan is author of The Health Care Mess: How We Got Into It and How We’ll Get Out of It (AuthorHouse). He is on the steering committee of the Minnesota Universal Health Care Coalition.

Physicians, hospitals and quality

Hospital-Physician Relations: Cooperation, Competition, Or Separation?

Economic pressures are creating an adversarial climate in some areas and pushing physicians and hospitals together in others.

By Robert A. Berenson, Paul B. Ginsburg, Jessica H. May
Hospital-Physician Relations
Health Affairs
December 5, 2006

Because many services performed in hospitals can safely and conveniently be performed in ambulatory settings, physicians have become owners of entities directly competing with hospitals for patients in a new medical arms race. Hospitals and medical staff physicians face growing tensions as a result of physicians’ growing reluctance to take emergency department call and the consequences of hospitalists replacing physicians in the care of inpatients. Although there are increasing expectations that health system challenges will lead hospitals and physicians to collaborate, in many markets the willingness and ability for hospitals and physicians to work together is actually eroding.

http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/hlthaff.26.1.w31/DC1

Creating Accountable Care Organizations: The Extended Hospital Medical Staff

By Elliott S. Fisher, Douglas O. Staiger, Julie P.W. Bynum, Daniel J. Gottlieb

Many current policies and approaches to performance measurement and payment reform focus on individual providers; they risk reinforcing the fragmented care and lack of coordination experienced by patients with serious illness. In this paper we show that Medicare beneficiaries receive most of their care from relatively coherent local delivery systems comprising physicians and the hospitals where they work or admit their patients. Efforts to create accountable care organizations at this level–the extended hospital medical staff– deserve consideration as a potential means of improving the quality and lowering the cost of care.

Fostering local organizational accountability for capacity.

The most important reason, however, to focus on hospitals and their affiliated medical staffs is to establish accountability for local decisions about capacity. Higher spending across U.S. health systems is largely attributable to greater use of discretionary “supply- sensitive” services: visits, specialist consultations, tests, imaging services, and the use of institutional settings (rather than outpatient settings) for care. Patients’ preferences do not explain these differences in care, and responses to survey-based clinical vignettes reveal that physicians in higher-spending systems have developed a more intensive practice pattern in exactly these discretionary clinical settings.

These findings are most consistent with an underlying causal model that highlights our current lack of accountability for capacity. Because such a high proportion of decisions are in the “gray areas” of medicine, physicians adapt their practices to work with whatever resources are locally available (such as making more frequent referrals in systems with more specialists). And–in the current payment environment–they are always able to stay busy themselves by seeing their own patients more often. Local decisions that influence capacity (capital investments, recruitment, and physicians’ choices about practice location), therefore, are likely to be the first step in the causal chain leading physicians to adopt more-intensive practice patterns–and leading to the overuse of supply-sensitive services.

Comprehensive measures of longitudinal quality and costs at the hospital staff level would bring the impact of such decisions to light. Hospitals that recruited additional specialists or expanded their acute care facilities could expect to see those decisions reflected in their longitudinal performance measures. Similarly, decisions to invest in care management, reduce acute care capacity, forgo unnecessary specialist recruitments, or more effectively manage postacute care resources could result in improved quality and lower costs.

http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/hlthaff.26.1.w44/DC1

Gain Sharing: A Good Concept Getting A Bad Name?

Allowing physicians to share in the savings they help produce could lead to greater accountability in health care.

By Gail R. Wilensky, Nicholas Wolter, and Michelle M. Fischer

Gain sharing, of the type we have described, is envisioned as an important transitional strategy, leading U.S. health care to higher levels of accountability and improved performance. It would allow the physicians that produce the savings and that can do so in ways that maintain or improve quality of care to share in the results of their efforts, even when not formally aligned in IDSs (integrated delivery systems). Although safeguards need to be put in place to protect against abuses, the results of the current system are abundantly clear: continued unsustainable increases in spending and unacceptable levels of quality.

http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/hlthaff.26.1.w58/DC1

Hospitals And Physicians: Not A Pretty Picture

By Jeff Goldsmith

Hospital-physician relationships in the United States have deteriorated markedly in the past few years. An asymmetry of obligations to caring for the uninsured and inappropriate financial incentives have worsened the conflict between hospitals and physicians in many markets. Sadly, the resources and political bandwidth consumed by managing this conflict have been diverted from the fundamental challenge of providing universal health coverage–the root cause of much of this conflict.

http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/hlthaff.26.1.w72/DC1

Comment:

By Don McCanne, MD

A well functioning health care system continues to strive for optimal value. That requires balancing efforts to maximize quality while controlling spending. (Some suggest that access is a third variable, but access to appropriate services and facilities should be a given.)

What role should money play in achieving this balance? Should providers receive explicit financial rewards for meeting quality goals that should be expected as part of the individual’s professional duties? Should providers (physicians) receive explicit financial rewards merely for reducing another provider’s costs (hospitals)?

Terms such as fee-splitting and kickbacks are now out of vogue, but have the concepts left us? Is “gain sharing” merely a euphemism for kickbacks?

Gail Wilensky, in her drive to reduce health care spending in this nation, has been an advocate of erecting financial barriers to care, even though health outcomes may be impaired. Her insensitivity to the needs of patients seems to be consistent with her advocacy of kickbacks. Is greed really an acceptable driving force, as long as it achieves the goal of reducing health care spending?

Money should play a role in improving quality, but the way to do that is to allocate what funds are available to a health care system designed to achieve the highest quality that can be expected. Elliott Fisher and his colleagues describe a process that is based on system design to benefit patients rather than system design that acquiesces to greed.

What is sad is that, as Jeff Goldsmith has stated, we continue to accept the asymmetry of obligations to caring for the uninsured and inappropriate financial incentives, largely because we have failed to meet our fundamental challenge of providing universal health coverage — the root cause of much of this conflict.

National Health Care? We're Halfway There

By DANIEL GROSS
The New York Times, Economic View, December 3, 2006

WHEN Democrats assume control of Congress next month, they may be dusting off some long-dormant proposals on how to deal with the growing disconnect between health insurance and employment. From 2000 to 2005, the proportion of workers aged 18 to 64 with employment-based health benefits fell to 70.6 percent from 74.5 percent, according to the Employee Benefits Research Institute. A record 46.6 million Americans lacked health insurance last year; of them, more than 82 percent lived in households headed by someone holding a job.

Any efforts to expand government’s role in providing insurance will likely be opposed by the Bush administration, which says it opposes excessive direct government involvement in an industry that constitutes about 14 percent of the gross domestic product. Michael O. Leavitt , the secretary of health and human services, recently dismissed a proposal to have the government negotiate drug prices for the Medicare benefit, arguing that “it’s a surrogate for a much larger issue, which is really government-run health care.”

While the administration may oppose government-run health care in principle, the government’s role in the vast health industry has been expanding. By various measures, the United States is about halfway toward a system in which the government and taxpayers fully fund health care. And trends are pushing the government to become more involved each year.

Out of a total population of about 300 million, 35.6 million elderly Americans were on Medicare in 2005. Of the working-age population, which reached 257.8 million in 2005, some 45.5 million were covered by Medicare, Medicaid or military health programs, according to the benefits institute. An additional 18.2 million workers had health insurance through jobs in the public sector, which includes state, federal and local governments, public schools and state universities, according to Paul Fronstin, director of the institute’s health research and education program. Millions of those workers’ dependents are covered as well. Even if those dependents are not included in the tally, taxpayers paid the bill for almost two-fifths of all Americans with insurance in 2005.

But that’s not the full extent of government and taxpayer involvement. Employer-provided health insurance premiums are a form of compensation, yet are not subject to federal payroll or income taxes and are exempt from many state and local taxes. Economists consider these exemptions a form of subsidy. Thomas M. Selden, economist at the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, estimates that the tax subsidy for employment-related coverage at $208.6 billion in 2006, or 35.4 percent of the amount spent on premiums.

“The tax subsidy is one of the largest public expenditures on health care,” Mr. Selden said. In fiscal 2006, by comparison, spending on Medicare was $378.7 billion and federal spending on Medicaid was $180.6 billion.

Viewed strictly in terms of dollars and cents, the government already accounts for more than half of the nation’s health care spending. Mining data from the National Health Expenditures Accounts, Mr. Selden found that public expenditures on health care — Medicare, Medicaid, military health care and federal employee benefits — accounted for $888 billion of the $1.96 trillion spent on health care in 2004. Adding in the aforementioned subsidies, and premiums paid for public-sector employees, the total comes to $1.2 trillion, or 61 percent.

Uwe E. Reinhardt, the James Madison professor of political economy at Princeton, suggests adding 5 percent for the federal mandate that hospitals provide free health care to the uninsured. “So government accounts for about two-thirds of health care spending,” Mr. Reinhardt said.

The government spends money as if there were a national health insurance program. In 2004, government spending on health care equaled 9.6 percent of the gross domestic product, compared with 6.9 percent in Canada, which has a single-payer universal health care program, said David Himmelstein, associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. And yet some significant components of federal support are not efficient methods of providing health insurance to the people who most need it. Higher-income workers are likely to have higher rates of coverage, higher premiums and higher taxes, all of which means that the tax break for compensation disproportionately helps the well-off.

“We’re paying for national health insurance, but we’re not getting it,” Dr. Himmelstein added.

Taxpayers also don’t get as much bang for their bucks because the government guarantees coverage for the elderly and the poor, groups that account for a disproportionately large amount of expenditures.

“A rough rule holds that private insurance covers two-thirds of the population and pays for only one-third of all health care,” Mr. Reinhardt said.

THE raw figures may be worrisome, but the trends behind the data are clearly troubling. Despite five consecutive years of economic growth, the private sector has continued to reduce its role in providing insurance. As the population ages, the ranks of Medicare recipients grow. And if the price of health insurance keeps rising at a much faster rate than the average earnings of lower-income people, more and more of the working poor will be priced out of the market.

So even as politicians rail against the pernicious effects of government-run health care, taxpayers, one way or another, are likely to be footing more of the nation’s huge and mounting medical bills.

Daniel Gross writes the “Moneybox” column for Slate.com.

Public Citizen’s Response to CHCWG Interim Recommendations

Here is Public Citizen‘s Response to the Citizens’ Health Care Working Group Interim Recommendations.

For the original version from Public Citizen, please click here. (pdf)

Health Care Reform in the United States: Arguments for a Single Payer System

Health services in the United States aren’t good enough, cost too much, and leave too many people out: those are the conclusions voiced by participants in a two-year federally mandated and funded process that produced The Health Report to the American People.i Public Citizen is pleased to submit its comments to the Citizen’s Health Care Working Group, and looks forward to continuing to participate in the discussion aimed at providing better quality, more affordable care for the country as a whole.

We are gratified that the recent efforts at tapping into public opinion reveal significant agreement on key issues in health care:

  • An overwhelming majority (96.8%) of the persons attending the community meetings felt that the health care system is in crisis or constitutes a major problem;
  • Over 94% thought that affordable health care should be part of national public policy; and
  • When faced with different priorities competing for public spending, respondents ranked “Guaranteeing that all Americans have health coverage/insurance” as the highest. Similarly, when asked to evaluate different proposals for expanding access to care, respondents ranked “Create a national health insurance program, financed by taxpayers, in which all Americans would get their insurance” as the highest.

Given the emerging consensus on health care reform, we are surprised and extremely disappointed that the Interim Recommendations of the Citizens’ Health Care Working Group did not address the issue of payment under a national health program. Yet many of those who took part in the town meetings or submitted comments to the Working Group advocated for a single payer, and, among the 1,814 respondents who expressed a desire for a “single health care system,” fully 46 % recommended a single-payer system.

Public Citizen supports single payer, universal health care. The rationale for single-payer has become increasingly compelling right now, when US businesses are increasingly feeling the pinch of rising health care costs, the number of uninsured continues to rise, the nation is losing its comparative advantage in world markets, hospitals are eager to shed the burden of their “bad debt and charity” pool, and consumers are increasingly baffled by an array of insurers who offer confusion in the guise of ‘choice.’

The arguments in favor of having a single payer are summarized below. These reasons are in addition to the most overwhelming reason, namely that such a system is the only way we can realistically afford to end the dangerous, 2 embarrassing, and worsening situation wherein about 45 million people in this country lack health insurance and tens of millions more are seriously uninsured.

Single Payer is good for business. Publicly financed but privately run health care for all would cost employers far less in taxes than their costs for insurance.ii With universal coverage, employers would no longer have to pay for medical care as part of the compensation package offered to workers. And with health care outlays expected to increase between 14% and 18% between now and 2010, employers can expect no relief from the already unsustainable situation they are facing at present. A survey of senior-level executive in Detroit found that 75% consider employee health insurance “unaffordable,” while the remaining 25% consider it “very unaffordable.”

If the situation is untenable for individual employers, it is even worse for the economy as a whole. Increases in health care costs are a drag on economic growth: they thwart job growth, suppress increases for current workers, weaken the viability of pension funds, and depress the quality of jobs. Rising health care costs are also causing budgetary problems for federal and state governments, who are currently paying over 50% of the US health care bill.

Universal health coverage would also have a salutary effect on labor-management relations. Many if not most strikes in the past five years have involved conflicts over health benefits. Universal coverage would defuse this contentious issue, provide benefits independent of employment status, and allow business greater flexibility in whom to hire.

Single Payer will enhance the comparative position of the US in the global market. President Bush has repeatedly said that the United States is not reluctant to compete on the international market as long as there is an even playing field. At present, the lack of universal health insurance places the US at a disadvantage vis-à-vis other countries. Companies such as General Motors that have factories in both the US and other countries have learned this lesson well; for example, in 2003 the costs of manufacturing a midsize care in Canada were $1,400 less than that of manufacturing the identical car in the US, primarily because of much higher health costs in this country.iii

Single Payer builds on the existing experience. Those who fear that single payer is new and foreign, and therefore untested, need to be reminded that Medicare is, in essence, a single-payer system. For those who are eligible, Medicare is universal and identical, not means-tested, and administered by the government, which acts as a single-payer for hospital and outpatient physician services. Because it did not have to sift and sort the population or cope with a layer of insurers, the rollout of Medicare in 1966 was amazingly smooth.iv Practically overnight–and without computers–the program covered services 3 provided by 6,600 hospitals, 250,000 physicians, 1,300 home health agencies, and hundred of nursing homes. By the end of its first year, Medicare had enrolled more than 90% of eligible Americans, a feat that cemented its popularity and redeemed President Johnson’s faith in the efficacy of government.

In contrast, Part D of Medicare, which departed from the single-payer model and introduced private insurers, encountered the wrath of consumers who were unable to maneuver the complicated choices required to obtain prescription drug benefits.

Single Payer has significantly lower administrative costs. Studies by both the Congressional Budget Office and the General Accounting Office have repeatedly shown that single-payer universal health care would save significant dollars in administrative costs. As early as 1991, the GAO concluded that if the universal coverage and single-payer features of the Canadian system had been applied in the United States that year, the total savings (then estimated at $66.9 billion) “would have been more than enough to finance insurance coverage for the millions of American who are currently uninsured.”v More recently, estimates published in the International Journal of Health Services conclude that “streamlining administrative overhead to Canadian levels would save approximately $286 billion in 2002, $6,940 for each of the 41.2 million Americans who were insured as of 2001. This is substantially more than would be needed to provide full insurance coverage.” vi At present, the US spends 50% to 100% more on administration than countries with single-payer systems.

Single Payer facilitates quality control. Having a single-payer system would create for the United States a comprehensive, accurate, and timely national data base on health service utilization and health outcomes. This would provide information on gaps and disparities or duplication of care, thereby serving as valuable intelligence for decision-making and resource allocation. At present, the closest analogy to this is the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), which has been highly successful in containing costs while providing excellent care. The key to its success is that it is a universal, integrated system: “Because it covers all veterans, the system doesn’t need to employ legions of administrative staff to check patients’ coverage and demand payment from their insurance companies. Because it’s integrated, providing all forms of medical care, it has been able to take the lead in electronic record-keeping and other innovations that reduce costs, ensure effective treatment and help prevent medical errors.”vii

Single Payer gives the government greater leverage to control costs. A single payer would be able to take advantage of economies of scale and exert greater leverage in bargaining with providers, thereby controlling costs. Recent experiences with both the VHA system and that of Medicare Part D indicate the difference exerting such leverage can make. The Department of Veterans Affairs 4 uses its power as a major purchaser to negotiate prices with pharmaceutical makers. But when the legislation leading to the drug prescription plan (better known as Medicare Part D) was passed, Congress explicitly barred negotiating prices with drug makers. The results of this are now becoming evident: at present, the VA is paying 46% less for the most popular brand-name drugs than the average prices posted by the Medicare plans for the same drugs.viii Because Part D increased the effective demand for drugs without controlling costs, prescription drug prices have risen sharply: during the first quarter of 2006, prices for brand-name pharmaceuticals “jumped 3.9%, four times the general inflation rate …and the largest quarterly price increase in six years.”ix

If this trend is allowed to continue unchecked, it could jeopardize the fiscal viability of the Medicare drug program and seriously undermine whatever political and public support it now has. In addition, this could have significant repercussions on the program as a whole. In the words of economist Stephen W. Schondelmeyer, who specializes in drug industry issues, “Higher drug prices may lead to higher premiums next year, which may discourage enrollees from joining or staying in the program, and fewer enrollees could drive premiums even higher.”x

Single Payer promotes greater accountability to the public. One of the key features of the US health care system is its fragmentation. When every player is responsible for only part of the care of part of the population part of the time, there is no overall accountability for how the system functions as whole. Consumers are therefore left wondering who is in charge, and whom they can appeal to when their knowledge is incomplete or their care is inadequate. The most recent report to Congress of the Medicare Advisory Commission recognizes this: “…perverse payment system incentives, lack of information, and fragmented delivery systems are barriers for full accountability.” Xi

The creation of a single payer would provide an opportunity for creating a system run by a public trust. Benefits and payments would be decided by the insurer which would be under the control of a diverse board representing consumers, providers, business and government.

Single Payer fosters transparency in coverage decisions. Single-payer plans have been criticized for “making all sorts of unbearable trade-offs explicit government policy, rather than obscuring them in complexities.” Given finite resources, it may not be possible to cover every single treatment, device or pharmaceutical a patient may require or desire. Priorities must be set, and the criteria for these should be transparent and consistently applied.

The practice of “obscuring trade-offs” is irresponsible and demeaning to the American public. Medical care decisions are too important and affect everyone 5 too directly to be made surreptitiously. Moreover, forcing policy-makers to make decisions concerning what to cover will ensure their confronting issues of safety, efficacy, and value-for-money that are often circumvented or overlooked. Tradeoffs that are transparent to health care consumers will therefore be in the public’s interest.

In sum, the reasons for supporting single payer are practical as well as principled, based on values of openness, equity, and social responsibility. We therefore urge the Citizens Health Care Working Group to adopt the creation of a single payer as an essential pillar without which the guiding values underpinning the Interim Recommendations will not be fulfilled.

NOTES
i Citizens’ Health Care Working Group. Health Care That Works for All Americans. October 2005.
ii Mintz, Morton. Single Payer: Good for Business. The Nation. November 15, 2004.
iii Ibid.
iv Friedman, Saul. A tale of two Medicare plan rollouts. Newsday, May 27, 2006.
v Quoted in Mintz, Op cit.
vi Himmelstein DU, Woolhander S, and Wolfe SM. “Administrative Waste in the US Health Care System in 2003: The Cost to the Nation, The States, and the District of Columbia, with State-Specific Estimates of Potential Savings. International Journal of Health Services. Vol. 34, No. 1, 2004: 79-86.
vii Krugman Paul. “Health Care Confidential.” The New York Times, January 27, 2006.
viii Freudenheim M. “Drug Prices Up Sharply This Year.” The New York Times, June 21, 2006.
ix Ibid.
x Quoted in Ibid.
xi Report to the Congress: Increasing the Value of Medicare. Washington, DC: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. June 2006: xv.

Reforma de los Servicios de Salud en los Estados Unidos: El Argumento a Favor de un Pagador Único

En agosto de 2006, la organización sin fines de lucro Public Citizen sometió la siguiente ponencia al Group de Trabajo creado por el gobierno para auscultar las opiniones sobre los servicios de salud en los Estados Unidos. A continuación presentamos una traducción de un resumen de la ponencia.

La creación de un seguro universal de salud ha sido tema de debate en los Estados Unidos desde 1912, cuando un grupo laboral estableció un comité sobre seguridad social. Aunque el concepto de servicios de salud para todos fue discutido, la idea no prosperó. Pero el tema ha suscitado interés esporádicamente desde entonces, y actualmente ha vuelto a surgir como tema de interés social y politico.

El caso a favor de un pagador único ha cobrado vigencia en días recientes, cuando las empresas están sintiendo las presiones de un alza en el costo de los seguros de salud, el país está perdiendo su ventaja comparada en los mercados globales, los hospitales están buscando alivio contra la atención no remunerada, y los consumidores están confusos debido a la variedad de aseguradores que ofrecen confusión disfrazada como selección.

Actualmente la razón principal a favor de un reforma al sistema es el creciente número de personas — unos 47 millones — que no tienen seguro médico y los millones adicionales que tienen una cubierta tan escasa que no pueden contar con su seguro para protegerlos contra el riesgo de una condición grave. Pero también hay muchas razones prácticas a favor de un seguro universal con un pagador único. A continuación las resumimos.

El pagador único es conveniente para las empresas. Un seguro financiado por el sector público pero operado por el sector privado le costaría menos a los patronos en impuestos de lo que pagan actualmente para cubrir el seguro de salud. Con un seguro universal, los patronos no tendrían que ofrecer seguros médicos como parte de la compensación a sus empleados. Y, con el costo de servicios estimado a aumentar entre 14 a 18 por ciento entre ahora y el 2010, en ausencia de un seguro, los empleados no tendrían ningún alivio contra la situación intolerable en que se encuentran al presente. Una encuesta de ejecutivos llevada a cabo en Detroit reveló que un 75 por ciento considera que los costos de los seguros de salud que ofrecen los patronos son “no sufragables” y el 25 por ciento restante los considera “altamente intolerables.”

Si ésta es la situación para los patronos individuales, el cuadro es aún peor para la economía en general. Los aumentos en los costos de los servicios de salud tienden a rezagar el crecimiento económico: obstaculizan la creación de nuevos empleos, impiden los aumentos salariales, debilitan la viabilidad de los fondos de pensiones, y deprimen la calidad de los empleos. Los aumentos en los servicios de salud también tienen un impacto nocivo sobre los gobiernos federales y estatales, los cuales cubren la mitad del gasto nacional por concepto de servicios de salud.

Un seguro universal de salud también beneficiaría las relaciones obrero-patronales. Una gran parte de las huelgas que se han llevado a cabo en los últimos 5 años han concernido disputas sobre los beneficios de salud. La cobertura de toda la población eliminaría estas disputas, proveería beneficios independientemente del estado laboral del individuo, y el darían al patrono mayor flexibilidad en cuanto a quién emplear.

El pagador único fortacelería las ventajas comparadas de los Estados Unidos en el mercado mundial. El Presidente Bush ha indicado en repetidas ocasiones que los Estados Unidos no está renuente a competir en el mercado internacional siempre que sea en igualdad de condiciones. Al presente, la carencia de un seguro nacional pone al país en desventaja en comparación con otros países desarrollados. Compañías tales como General Motors que tienen fábricas tanto en los Estados Unidos como en otros países han aprendido bien esta lección. Por ejemplo, en 2003 el costo de manufacturar un carro mediano en Canadá era $1400 menor que el costo de fabricar el mismo carro en los Estados Unidos; la diferencia se debía principalmente a lo que gasta la compañía por concepto de servicios de salud.

El pagador único se basa en la experiencia ya vivida. Hay quienes alegan que el pagador único es algo nuevo y foráneo, y por lo tanto representa un concepto experimental. A éstos, hay que recordarles que el programa Medicare funciona como pagador único. Para las personas cubiertas por este programa en su forma original, Medicare es universal y uniforme, y no depende de la capacidad de pago de cada cual. El programa es administrado por el gobierno, y éste funciona como pagador único para los servicios médicos y de hospital. Debido a que el gobierno cubrió a toda la población mayor de 65 y no tuvo que clasificar a la población por nivel de riesgos ni lidiar con una multiplicidad de aseguradores, la inauguración del programa fue increíblemente sencilla y libre de escollos. Prácticamente de la noche a la mañana — y sin el uso de computadoras — el programa cubrió los servicios provistos por 6,600 hospitales, 250,000 médicos, 1,300 agencias de salud en el hogar, y cientos de casas de salud. Para fines del primer año de operaciones, Medicare había inscrito a un 90 por ciento de la población elegible, un logro que afianzó la popularidad del programa y vindicó la confianza del Presidente Johnson en el gobierno.

En contraste, la parte D de Medicare, que adoptó un modelo diferente e introdujo a las compañías aseguradoras en la administración del programa, tuvo un despegue difícil, incurriendo así la ira de muchos consumidores que tuvieron dificultad en descifrar los beneficios de los productos farmaceúticos a los cuales tendrían derecho.

El pagador único acarrea gastos administrativos mucho menores. Los estudios llevados a cabo tanto por la Oficina de Presupuesto del Congreso como por la Oficina de Contabilidad Gubernamental (GAO, por sus siglas en inglés) concluyen que la utilización de un pagador único bajo un seguro universal ahoraría mucho dinero en gastos administrativos. En 1991, el GAO calculó que, si Estados Unidos hubiese adoptado la cubierta ofrecida por el sistema de salud de Canadá junto con un pagador único ese año, el ahorro total (estimado en ese momento en $66.9 billones) “hubiese sido más que suficiente para financiar la cobertura de los millones de americanos que no tenían seguro de salud” en ese momento. Más recientemente, estimados publicados en el International Journal of Health Services demuestran que, extrapolando los gastos administrativos de Canadá a los Estados Unidos hubiese ahorrado unos $286 billones en 2002, suma que alcanzaría a $6,940 por cada uno de los 41.2 millones de personas que no tenían seguro médico para esa fecha. Al presente, los gastos administrativos de los Estados Unidos son entre 50 y 100 porciento más altos de lo que son en los países que usan un pagador único.

El pagador único facilita el control de calidad. Teniendo un pagador único, los Estados Unidos tendría un banco de datos abarcador, confiable y al día sobre la utilización de los servicios de salud y la eficacia de los mismos. Esto proveería datos sobre lagunas o duplicación en los servicios y disparidades en el acceso, suminstrando así información útil en la toma de decisiones y en la asignación de recursos.

El pagador único le da al gobierno mayor poder de regateo en el control de costos. Un pagador único podría beneficiarse de las economías de escala que conlleva un mayor volumen de servicios. Además, aumentaría el poder de regateo que tendría el gobierno al negociar con proveedores, abaratando así los costos. Experiencias recientes con el Departamento de Veteranos y la Parte D de Medicare indican la diferencia que puede hacer el poder de regateo. El Departamento de Veteranos utiliza su poder adquisitivo como comprador para negociar mejores precios cuando compra drogas y medicamentos. Pero cuando el Congreso pasó la ley que autorizó el Plan de Drogas (mejor conocido como Medicare, Parte D), el Congreso explícitamente prohibió la negociación de precios con los manufactureros de productos farmaceúticos. Los resultados de esto son obvios: al presente, el Depto. de Veteranos paga un 46 por ciento menos por las marcas más populares de medicinas de lo que paga Medicare por las mismas drogas.

El pagador único promueve una mayor responsabilidad de los servicios hacia el público. Una de las características claves del sistema de salud estadounidense es su fragmentación. Cuando cada parte es responsable de sólo parte del problema de parte de la población parte del tiempo, no hay nadie responsable por el funcionamiento del sistema en su totalidad. Los consumidores terminan confusos, y no saben a quién apelar cuando carecen de información o los servicios son deficientes.

La creación de un pagador único proveería una oportunidad para crear un sistema operado por un fideicomiso público. Los beneficios y los pagos los decidiría una entidad que operaría bajo el liderato de una junta diversa con representación de consumidores, proveedores, empresarios, y el gobierno.

El pagador único promueve la transparencia en las decisiones de qué cubrir. Dado que los recursos no son infinitos, puede que no sea posible cubrir todo la gama de servicios y tratamientos que un paciente requiera o desee. Habrá que establecer prioridades, y los criterios para éstas deben de ser explícitos y consistentemente aplicados. Las decisiones sobre qué servicios o terapias cubrir deberán basarse en criterios de seguridad, eficacia, y economía. Los consumidores necesitan saber qué juicios imperaron en el momento de seleccionar entre distintas terapias o servicios.

Resumiendo, las razones para seleccionar un pagador único se basan en consideraciones prácticas así como morales y éticas, basadas en valores de información compartida y responsabilidad social.

Private plans pay so little for so many

National Health Care? We're Halfway There

By Daniel Gross
The New York Times
December 3, 2006

Out of a total population of about 300 million, 35.6 million elderly Americans were on Medicare in 2005. Of the working-age population, which reached 257.8 million in 2005, some 45.5 million were covered by Medicare, Medicaid or military health programs, according to (Employee Benefits Research Institute). An additional 18.2 million workers had health insurance through jobs in the public sector, which includes state, federal and local governments, public schools and state universities, according to Paul Fronstin, director of the institutes’s health research and education program. Millions of those workers’ dependents are covered as well. Even if those dependents are not included in the tally, taxpayers paid the bill for almost two-fifths of all Americans with insurance in 2005.

But that’s not the full extent of government and taxpayer involvement. Employer-provided health insurance premiums are a form of compensation, yet are not subject to federal payroll or income taxes and are exempt from many state and local taxes. Economists consider these exemptions a form of subsidy. Thomas M. Selden, economist at the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, estimates that the tax subsidy for employment-related coverage at $208.6 billion in 2006, or 35.4 percent of the amount spent on premiums.

Mining data from the National Health Expenditures Accounts, Mr. Selden found that public expenditures on health care — Medicare, Medicaid, military health care and federal employee benefits — accounted for $888 billion of the $1.96 trillion spent on health care in 2004. Adding in the aforementioned subsidies, and premiums paid for public-sector employees, the total comes to $1.2 trillion, or 61 percent.

Uwe E. Reinhardt, the James Madison professor of political economy at Princeton, suggests adding 5 percent for the federal mandate that hospitals provide free health care to the uninsured. “So government accounts for about two-thirds of health care spending,” Mr. Reinhardt said.

“A rough rule holds that private insurance covers two-thirds of the population and pays for only one-third of all health care,” Mr. Reinhardt said.

The government spends money as if there were a national health insurance program. In 2004, government spending on health care equaled 9.6 percent of the gross domestic product, compared with 6.9 percent in Canada, which has a single-payer universal health care program, said David Himmelstein, associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.

“We’re paying for national health insurance, but we’re not getting it,” Dr. Himmelstein added.

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/business/yourmoney/03view.html

For the landmark Health Affairs article by Steffie Woolhandler and David Himmelstein, “Paying for national health insurance–and not getting it”: http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/4/88

Comment:

By Don McCanne, MD

So two-thirds of health care spending already is through our tax system. Percentage-wise that is close to what most other nations with universal systems pay in public funds. Thus the contention that we cannot afford the taxes to pay for a universal system is untrue; we are already paying them. We merely need to establish a financing system that would spend these same funds much more efficiently so that we can include everyone.

What role should private insurers have in an efficient system of health care financing? The inefficiencies of our fragmented system are due in a large part to the participation of the multitude of private insurers, but we should look carefully at the service they do provide us under our current system before we decide that they should be dismissed.

Uwe Reinhardt offers the rough rule that “private insurance covers two-thirds of the population and pays for only one-third of all health care.” Simply stated, the private insurance industry has avoided its purpose of pooling risk by skimming off the healthy sector of our population while leaving the risk of the high-cost individuals with us – the taxpayers. Paying the high costs is the purpose of insurance, yet the insurers have evaded their fiduciary responsibility.

The private insurers’ primary product is not insurance; it is administrative services, and more and more of them, which have contributed significantly to the waste in health care spending.

Just imagine the prospect of the private insurers covering two-thirds of our population and fulfilling their risk pooling responsibilities by paying for two-thirds (instead of one-third) of our health care costs. If you think that private insurance premiums are unaffordable now, just wait until they double!

The private insurers have had their day. They have been ineffective in expanding coverage and affordability, while being the greatest cause of the expanding inefficiency of our system.

Since the taxpayers are already paying enough for an efficient and effective program of national health insurance, it’s time to demand that our public stewards produce the program we need, or we should replace them with leaders who would.

The 'Show Me' State AFL-CIO Endorses HR 676

Hugh McVey, President of the Missouri AFL-CIO, reports that this state labor federation has endorsed HR 676, single payer health care legislation introduced by Congressman John Conyers (D-MI). Missouri is the sixteenth state AFL-CIO to take this action. The endorsement was made at the states recent convention when Resolution # 14, introduced by the Executive Board, passed.

The Missouri AFL-CIO resolution notes that two thirds of the uninsured are in families in which at least one family member works full time and that infant mortality is much worse in the U. S. than in most industrialized countries. The resolution states: “H.R. 676 also restores free choice of physicians and provides comprehensive prescription drug coverage to seniors.” The resolution calls upon the Missouri delegation of the United States Congress to work with Congressman Conyers to enact H. R. 676.

The Missouri AFL-CIO represents over 500,000 union members and retirees in approximately 391 unions. HR 676 had already been endorsed by several of the states central labor councils, building & construction trades councils, and local unions.

#30#

HR 676 now has 77 congressional co-sponsors in addition to John Conyers. It would institute a single payer health care system in the U.S. by expanding a greatly improved Medicare system to every resident.

HR 676 would cover every person in the U. S. for all necessary medical care including prescription drugs, hospital, surgical, outpatient services, primary and preventive care, emergency services, dental, mental health, home health, physical therapy, rehabilitation (including for substance abuse), vision care, chiropractic and long term care. HR 676 ends deductibles and co-payments. HR 676 would save billions annually by eliminating the high overhead and profits of the private health insurance industry and HMOs.

HR 676 has been endorsed by 212 union organizations including 53 Central Labor Councils and Area Labor Federations and 16 state AFL-CIOs (KY, PA, CT, OH, DE, ND, WA, SC, WY, VT, FL, WI, WV, SD, NC & MO).

For further information, a complete list of union endorsers, or a sample endorsement resolution, contact:
Kay Tillow
All Unions Committee For Single Payer Health Care-HR 676
c/o Nurses Professional Organization (NPO)
1169 Eastern Parkway, Suite 2218
Louisville, KY 40217
(502) 636 1551
Email: nursenpo@aol.com
12/4/06

Is San Francisco's reform a model for the nation?

San Francisco Health plan touted as U.S. model

By Rachel Gordon
San Francisco Chronicle
November 30, 2006

San Francisco’s groundbreaking plan to provide access to affordable medical coverage for an estimated 82,000 uninsured residents is an opportunity to create a system from top to bottom that could serve as a model of basic care for the rest of the nation.

The Health Access Program, approved by the Board of Supervisors and signed into law by Mayor Gavin Newsom, is intended for adults without health insurance who earn too much to qualify for a federal or state health care plan.

The program will cost an estimated $200 million a year, and will be funded with a combination of public funds, employer contributions and copayments by those enrolled in the program.

(Steve Falk, who heads the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce) said making sure that people have health care is a noble cause — but forcing San Francisco businesses to spend up to $1.60 per hour per employee to fund it isn’t fair.

San Francisco’s program is not like a traditional insurance plan.
Patients will be able to get care only within San Francisco, and most of that care will be delivered at the city-run San Francisco General Hospital and at the vast network of city and community clinics.

http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/11/30/BAGJNMMG3L19.DTL

Comment:

By Don McCanne, MD

San Francisco’s intent to bring health care to everyone is certainly admirable. That said, there are so many complex policy flaws in our current system of financing health care that it is impossible to address them on a city-county basis (San Francisco’s unique form of government).

In a town saturated with small businesses with marginal profits, you can question the wisdom of an employer mandate. For many of these businesses, a payroll tax/premium is a financial hardship. Most policy analysts believe that the health insurance link to employment should be terminated anyway, but only after a universal program is enacted.

Another unusual feature is that this is not a safety-net public insurance program in the traditional sense; rather the safety-net coverage provided is the actual safety-net delivery system, comprised of the county hospital and a network of city and community clinics. Many of the uninsured already receive their care from these institutions.

There are many other issues not adequately addressed such as lack of coverage outside of the city, compliance with ERISA regulations, explicit two-tiered care, and, most importantly, a failure to address the true drivers of health care costs and the failure to establish a monopsonistic payer that would demand value in health care purchasing.

San Francisco’s effort is not so much health care reform as it is tax legislation. The health care delivery system remains much as it is, with only negligible changes in access. The uninsured will still have the public institutions as their source of health care. The primary change with this program is that businesses will contribute more, through taxes, to the funding of the public safety net, and individuals accessing the system will be assessed explicit cost-sharing contributions. It is unfortunate that this revenue and budgeting measure designed to benefit the city-county government is being passed off as health care reform.

The next two years presents another window of opportunity for comprehensive reform. San Francisco could accomplish much more in improving the health care of its residents by becoming a very active, high-profile, national advocate of a publicly-funded, universal program of social insurance. And the San Francisco’s throughout the nation need to join in.

HMO-Founder Calls System a Failure, Calls for Medicare for All

Book Details Health Care System Crisis

By Amy Bentley-Smith
Long Beach News, November 30, 2006
Features Editor

Dr. Robert Gumbiner, a leader in the field of managed health care in the United States, lays out his remedy for the nation’s ailing health care system in a new book he penned with his daughter, editor Alis Gumbiner.

From 3 to 4 p.m. this Saturday, Dec. 2, the Gumbiners will be signing copies of “Curing Our Sick Health Care System: A Solution to America’s Health Care Crisis” at Shore Books, 4817 E. Second St.

A longtime Long Beach resident, Gumbiner founded what would become one of the largest pre-paid Health Management Organizations (HMO) practices in the United States, FHP, in 1961. FHP would lead the way in establishing prepaid health care for the state’s Medi-Cal/Medicaid program for the low-income individuals and families, and received the first contract for federal Medicare service on the west coast.

In “Curing Our Health Care System,” Gumbiner argues that the country needs a single payer, Medicare-type system that is available to all.

“If you’re over 65 you get covered by Medicare, but if you’re under 65 you don’t. We all pay taxes,” he said, adding that giving coverage to a select group is a form of discrimination.

Such a universal system is not out of reach and could be financed with the amount of money spent on health care today, Gumbiner contends.

“I’m a firm believer that there’s enough money being spent right now with employeremployee contributions and the federal government that everyone can be covered,” Gumbiner said.

In the book, Gumbiner offers a history of the current health care system and why it is dysfunctional — mainly a result of it being too profit driven at all levels — before offering his suggestions for fixing it. He said he’s not re-inventing the wheel.

“We’ve already done most of these things,” he said of his solutions. “We just need a white knight, some politician who has the courage to go up against the prescription drug companies and for-profit hospitals and stand firm….

“I wrote it… to help the decision makers, the policy makers be better informed. There are not too many out there offering solutions.”

Available at Shore Books and online at amazon.com, “Curing Our Sick Health Care System” is Gumbiner’s third book. He previously wrote “HMO: Putting it All Together” in 1975 and “FHP: The Evolution of A Managed Care Health Maintenance Organization 1955-1992” in 1994.