PNHP

Time to make health care right with Medicare for all

Time to make health care right with Medicare for all

By Bill Honigman, M.D.
The Press-Enterprise (Riverside, Calif.), March 21, 2019

While working as an emergency-room physician in Orange County, I learned that most patients who entered our doors shouldn’t have been there in the first place.

Whether it was diabetes, high blood pressure or painful tooth infections, many had failed to get the basic care they needed over time. Largely due to cost, they had fallen through the cracks of our current healthcare system, one that’s becoming more unaffordable by the day.

Some had limbs amputated due to easily treatable diabetes or heart disease. Others died of strokes or heart attacks brought on by neglected high blood pressure or diabetes.

But today there’s hope. Rep. Pramila Jayapal, D-Washington has just introduced a new Medicare-for-all bill in the U.S. House of Representatives. This means that our country has another chance to get health care right.

We the people deserve a just system, one that promotes our general welfare while ensuring peace of mind. We deserve a healthcare system that’s paid for by all of its users. And one that takes care of everyone’s needs regardless of wealth, health or employment like every other large, rich country in the world already has.

Today, we’re at the mercy of insurance and pharmaceutical companies that are more concerned with profiteering than your family’s health and well-being.

You’ve probably heard of San Fernando Valley teen Nataline Sarkisyan, who died in 2007 after her insurance company initially denied her a liver transplant that doctors said would likely keep her alive. You may also know about the outrageous cost of simple yet life-saving drugs, such as Epi-Pen for allergic reactions. It’s reached $300 a dose.

A single-payer system like Medicare for All would save money and focus on quality medical care in part by eliminating the middlemen — the insurance companies. It would also give us the bargaining power that we the people need to control rising prescription drug costs, much like the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs does.

But perhaps what’s most compelling is how much we will save.

While funding for Jayapal’s bill has yet to be identified, an economic analysis of Sen. Bernie Sanders’ Medicare for All Act of 2017 found that middle-income families’ healthcare spending as a share of income would fall between 2.6 and 14 percent, depending on how they were currently insured.

Healthcare costs would rise for the highest income families but even so, they would spend no more than 4.7 percent of their income for health coverage under that previous plan. (While the 2017 and 2019 bills are similar, they are not identical and these figures may differ.)

How would we pay for such a system? Jayapal has suggested that funding could be achieved with a mix of taxes, including mandatory employer contributions and “a wealth tax.” Savings from simplified billing, cost controls and other changes would lower overall U.S. spending on health care.

Meanwhile, Americans would no longer have to pay rising insurance premiums, high deductibles or co-payments.

Sound too good to be true? While some are decrying a potential “government takeover” of health care, Medicare for All would allow we the people to decide our health priorities and where that money is spent instead of insurance companies. And we would still be able to keep all of our doctors, clinics, and hospitals we now use.

It would also make doctors’ lives significantly easier, reducing physician burnout and subsequent mistakes , by eliminating the administrative hassles that come with a multi-payer system.

Several years after the implementation of Obamacare, some 264,000 Orange County residents were living without health insurance in 2017. Thousands more are underinsured.

This means that many residents who have chronic illnesses, as well as mental health and substance abuse disorders, are not getting the treatment or medicine they need to lead healthy, productive lives. The toll this takes on these patients and their families — and subsequently our businesses and community — is, well, staggering.

Medicare for All would also alleviate the financial and administrative burden that small businesses bear when sponsoring health insurance for their employees.

This is not rocket science. It’s time for all U.S. residents to unite and fight for the right to a dignified healthcare system. I urge you to educate yourself, organize and call your federal lawmakers at 202-224-3121 to express support of Jayapal’s lifesaving bill.

As the late U.S. Sen. Paul Wellstone of Minnesota said: “We all do better when we all do better.”

Dr. Bill Honigman worked as an emergency room doctor for more than 30 years, mostly in Orange County, before retiring nearly two years ago. He’s a member of Physicians for a National Health Program.

https://www.pe.com…

The fallacy that you can keep the insurance you have

In Iowa, Beto O'Rourke works to find his footing on health care

By Patrick Svitek
The Texas Tribune, March 17, 2019

Beto O’Rourke has long advocated for “universal, guaranteed, high-quality health care for all.”

But O’Rourke has a less-than-straightforward history with Medicare for All, and he continued to keep it at arm’s length in Iowa, saying at one point that he is “no longer sure that that’s the fastest way” to achieve universal health care. Instead, he arrived in the Hawkeye State ready to talk about a different health care proposal: Medicare for America.

Introduced in December by U.S. Reps. Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut and Jan Schakowsky of Illinois, the legislation would set up a government-run health care program — like Medicare for All — but aims to let people keep their employer-sponsored insurance if they have it and like it.

“It responds to the fact that so many Americans have said, ‘I like my employer-based insurance. I want to keep it. I like the network I’m in. I like the doctor that I see,'” O’Rourke said.

https://www.texastribune.org…

Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

In my presentations in years past, I frequently asked audiences to think back to twenty years ago. Think about the insurance you had then. Now, how many here still have that same insurance? No hands go up. That is, except for people over 85 on Medicare, and except for a Kaiser Permanente physician who had worked for Kaiser for over twenty years.

The obvious point is that people do not have stable health care coverage throughout their lives. There are many reasons. To mention just a few: employment is not stable and individuals lose their coverage when they leave a job; moving to a new location usually results in loss of prior coverage, employers may change their employee benefits or change their insurers; frequent changes in insurer provider networks may cause individuals to lose their usual sources of care; low-income individuals may lose their Medicaid with a modest increase in income or a change in state eligibility policy; individuals with long term disabilities or end-stage renal disease may be shifted to Medicare; individuals on Medicaid have frequently been transferred into restrictive Medicaid managed care plans; states may have overly stringent eligibility requirements for Medicaid, such as the work requirements that are causing many to lose their coverage; patients in traditional Medicare may transfer to private Medicare Advantage plans with provider network restrictions; Medicare Advantage plans may withdraw from selected markets; unless grandfathered, as of 2020 individuals will no longer be able to enroll in more comprehensive Plan C and Plan F Medigap plans and may be subjected to underwriting requirements; plans in the individual market are quite unstable with frequent changes in benefits, in provider networks, and in the plans themselves since they are subject to cancellation; bankruptcies may impact retiree benefits including pension and health benefits; premiums may become truly unaffordable resulting in loss of coverage due to inability to pay; and, of course, at any given time tens of millions of people face being uninsured. There are endless other reasons for lack of continuity of coverage, but it is the norm.

And now many politicians besides Beto O’Rourke are telling us that we should not enact the single payer model of Medicare for All because it would not allow people to keep the insurance they have. Memory must be very short. Not too long ago President Obama received the Politifact Lie of the Year award for saying, “If you like your health care plan, you can keep it.”

So then they say, well, you can have your choice of plans. What choices? The most common coverage is through employer-sponsored plans, but you do not have the option of choosing one of the millions of plans offered by other employers, only that from your own employer, if one is even offered. You cannot choose Medicare or Medicaid plans if you have not met the eligibility requirement. Your only option may be to choose a plan in the individual market, but you may find that you have a very limited choice of highly restrictive plans that may not cover your physician or hospital. Some choice.

Besides, the choice you want is that of your health care professionals and hospitals, not a choice of your supposedly beloved health plans, even if mediocre. Under Single Payer Medicare for All you do have total free choice in your health care, choices that are being taken away by the private health insurers.

When you are told that you get to keep your health plan, you don’t have to respond by calling the person a liar (as was disrespectfully done with our president at the time). “Fallacy” is a less pejorative term than “lie” so you can emphatically respond with, “THAT IS A FALLACY; NOBODY GETS TO KEEP THEIR SAME INSURANCE THROUGHOUT LIFE; INSURANCE CHANGES ALL OF THE TIME!”

If you have the opening, you can go on with, “WHAT I WANT IS MY CHOICES IN HEALTH CARE. THE INSURERS ARE TAKING THAT AWAY FROM US WHILE WASTING OUR MONEY ON ADMINISTRATIVE EXCESSES.”

Anyway, we need to bring to an abrupt end the fallacy that you can keep the insurance you have, especially when it is being used to dismiss the great opportunity we have to bring health care to everyone in America by enacting and implementing SINGLE PAYER MEDICARE FOR ALL!

This is a time for PASSION. We have to get this message out there.

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Medicaid is a health care program, not a work program

New Arkansas Data Contradict Claims That Most Who Lost Medicaid Found Jobs

By Jennifer Wagner
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 19, 2019

A large majority of the more than 18,000 Arkansas Medicaid beneficiaries who lost their Medicaid coverage since the state began implementing a first-in-the-nation Medicaid work requirement in June not only haven’t found jobs, but they also probably don’t have health insurance, new state data suggest.

Those who lost their Medicaid last year could have re-enrolled effective January 1, but only about 2,000 have done so. Some federal and state officials have argued that such low re-enrollment means that most who lost Medicaid have found jobs with health coverage, but there are no data to support the claim.

Asked what happened to the 18,000 Arkansans who lost coverage due to the work requirement, Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar told a House hearing last Tuesday that “we do not yet have data as to why they fell off the program.” At the Senate Finance Committee two days later, Azar pointed to the low share of people who lost coverage last year and re-enrolled in January and said, “That seems a fairly strong indication that the individuals who left the program were doing so because they got a job.”

But state data released on Friday show that very few beneficiaries who lost coverage found jobs. Of the 18,164 beneficiaries who lost coverage in 2018 for not complying with the work requirement, 1,981 had matches in the state’s New Hire Database, indicating they found new work. That means that for the more than 16,000 others who lost coverage, there is no evidence that they found new work.

https://www.cbpp.org…

Ruling on Medicaid work requirement expected by end of March, judge says

By Benjamin Hardy
Arkansas Times, March 14, 2019

(U.S. District Judge James E. Boasberg) in the District of Columbia heard oral arguments Thursday morning in a lawsuit challenging Arkansas’s work requirement for certain Medicaid expansion beneficiaries.

“Congress has made its intent clear — Medicaid is a medical assistance program, not a work program,” the plaintiffs argued in a brief submitted in November. The purpose of the Medicaid program is “to furnish health care coverage to people who cannot otherwise afford it,” it says.

“It’s easy to talk about [the work requirement] in broad strokes that this will improve people’s lives, and that’s not for me to say. But that’s not the purpose of Medicaid,” the judge said in reply to government attorneys at one point during Thursday’s hearing.

https://www.arktimes.com…

Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

What kind of policy is it that when low-income individuals are unable to find jobs, the state punishes them by taking away their health care? The judge hearing the Medicaid work requirement case in Arkansas agrees, “that’s not the purpose of Medicaid”

Shouldn’t we instead have a public policy that says that anyone who needs health care should be able to receive it? That is not the case now, even though we are already spending enough to guarantee health care for everyone. We could do that merely by enacting and implementing a single payer Medicare for All program, and it doesn’t have to cost us any more than we are already spending.

It would be great if our government also supported more effective policies to ensure that every capable person has employment opportunities, but depriving people of their health care is not an effective work program, as Arkansas has demonstrated.

How can it be that we even tolerate such a cruel government policy?

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Eli Lily Taiwan pulls Prozac over $US0.004 price reduction

Prozac to be pulled from Taiwan market on April 1

By Keoni Everington
Taiwan News, March 18, 2019

The popular antidepressant Prozac is to be permanently removed from pharmacy shelves this April in Taiwan, announced the drug’s Taiwanese manufacturer Zuellig Pharma (裕利藥廠) last week, reported CNA.

Claiming to be unable to cope with frequent price cuts by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI), the local Taiwanese maker of the Prozac 20 mg, Zuellig Pharma, announced last week that it will stop selling the antidepressant in Taiwan on April 1. The company said that it will completely withdraw the drug from the Taiwan market, but all orders received before March 29 will still be fully supplied.

On March 13, the company sent a letter to all hospitals announcing that due to the annual reduction of drug prices by the National Health Insurance Administration, along with an increase in raw material and transportation costs in recent years, it will be ceasing the supply of Prozac. The company also mentioned the rising costs of following the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PICS) and Good Manufacturing Processes (GMP) to ensure the quality of the medication.

Zuellig Pharma said that after taking the above-mentioned factors into an actuarial analysis, it was notified by Eli Lily Taiwan, the owner of Prozac, to cease production on April 1 and withdraw the product from the Taiwan market. In order to ensure the rights of hospitals and patients, the company said that orders received before March 29 will be fully supplied.

In an interview with CNA, Chang Wen-ching 張文靜, spokesman for the Taiwan Pharmacist Association, said Prozac is a commonly used drug in treating depression. Chang said that it is a widely used first-line drug because of its long history of use and relatively fewer side effects.

For these reasons, its usage rate is very high, and in recent years, the cost of this drug under NHI coverage per tablet has dropped from NT$2.08 (US$0.067) to NT$1.96 (US$0.063).

Substitutes for Prozac:

Chang said there are substitute generic drugs available and there are also some other famous brand names with the same chemical composition in Taiwan. Chang recommends that patients return to their hospital and have their prescriptions adjusted with the help of professional physicians.

The active ingredient in Prozac is Fluoxetine, which is also sold under other brand names, such as Sarafem and Selfemra.

https://www.taiwannews.com…

Drugs.com, Accessed March 19, 2019

U.S. price of 20mg Prozac:
from $US503.98 for 30 capsules = $US16.80 per capsule

U.S. price of 20 mg fluoxetine (generic Prozac):
from $US15.52 for 30 capsules = $US0.52 per capsule

https://www.drugs.com…

Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

Virtually everyone is in agreement that something must be done about the outrageous drug prices in the United States, though there is disagreement on how we do that. Some suggest that we should allow the free market to work to drive prices down (as if we were not already attempting to do that, unsuccessfully), while others suggest that the government should play a major role in establishing fair prices for pharmaceuticals. Since there is considerable interest in establishing fair prices through enactment of a single payer Medicare for All program, it can be instructive to look at how Taiwan establishes fair prices through their single payer health care financing system.

Because of our complex, dysfunctional health care financing system, it is difficult to determine drug prices here. Is it a brand name or a generic drug? Has the patent expired? Is it under a drug insurance plan? Is it under Medicare Part D? Is a discount coupon involved? Is it under a patient assistance program? And, perhaps most confusing of all, does it travel through the catacombs of a pharmacy benefit manager? Just for a rough idea of prices in the U.S., we’ll use those for Prozac and its generic version, fluoxetine, that are listed on the Drugs.com website.

In the United States, a 20mg capsule of Prozac sells for about $16.80. The generic version sells for about $0.52 per capsule. The discussion continues as to how much of a markup brand name drugs should have compared to the generic versions, but we likely won’t seriously address that until we are ready to switch to a publicly-administered and publicly-financed program (single payer).

Compare the price in Taiwan. The brand version of 20mg Prozac is only about six cents a capsule, and competing brand and generic versions are available. How tightly prices are controlled there is demonstrated by the fact that the government reduced the price by only four-tenths of a cent, but that proved too much for Eli Lily Taiwan, so they are pulling the product from the market. Two other brand versions and other generics are still available.

Having that kind of control over drug prices is only in our fantasies, but it doesn’t have to be. The public stewards of our single payer system, were we to establish a bona fide Medicare for All program, could work with the pharmaceutical firms (negotiating, bidding, or setting administered prices if necessary, etc.) to be sure that their legitimate costs are covered along with a fair profit margin. Is there risk of driving pharmaceutical firms out of the market? Although we don’t know the full background story in Taiwan, it is not likely that we would shut them out over four-tenths of one cent.

It is unlikely that HHS Secretary Alex Azar – former president of the U.S. division of Eli Lilly – is going to help us get there. But if the people understand that we can fix this problem, it wouldn’t matter much what he thinks since elections can have favorable consequences. But we do have to step up our education efforts directed to the public. After all, it is for their benefit. Besides, under Single Payer Medicare for All, Prozac would be freely available for Alex Azar and his colleagues in case they and their health care professionals think they need it.

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Why did electronic health records become a problem?

Death By 1,000 Clicks: Where Electronic Health Records Went Wrong

The U.S. government claimed that turning American medical charts into electronic records would make health care better, safer, and cheaper. Ten years and $36 billion later, the system is an unholy mess. Inside a digital revolution that took a bad turn.

By Fred Schulte and Erika Fry
Kaiser Health News, March 18, 2019

In early 2017, Seema Verma, then the country’s newly appointed CMS administrator, went on a listening tour. She visited doctors around the country, at big urban practices and tiny rural clinics, and from those front-line physicians she consistently heard one thing: They hated their electronic health records. “Physician burnout is real,” she told KHN and Fortune. The doctors spoke of the difficulty in getting information from other systems and providers, and they complained about the government’s reporting requirements, which they perceived as burdensome and not meaningful.

What she heard then became suddenly personal one summer day in 2017, when her husband, himself a physician, collapsed in the airport on his way home to Indianapolis after a family vacation. For a frantic few hours, the CMS administrator fielded phone calls from first responders and physicians — Did she know his medical history? Did she have information that could save his life? — and made calls to his doctors in Indiana, scrambling to piece together his record, which should have been there in one piece. Her husband survived the episode, but it laid bare the dysfunction and danger inherent in the existing health information ecosystem.

The notion that one EHR should talk to another was a key part of the original vision for the HITECH Act, with the government calling for systems to be eventually interoperable.

What the framers of that vision didn’t count on were the business incentives working against it. A free exchange of information means that patients can be treated anywhere. And though they may not admit it, many health providers are loath to lose their patients to a competing doctor’s office or hospital. There’s a term for that lost revenue: “leakage.” And keeping a tight hold on patients’ medical records is one way to prevent it.

In the absence of true incentives for systems to communicate, the industry limped along; some providers wired up directly to other select providers or through regional exchanges, but the efforts were spotty. A Cerner-backed interoperability network called CommonWell formed in 2013, but some companies, including dominant Epic, didn’t join. (“Initially, Epic was neither invited nor allowed to join,” said Sumit Rana, senior vice president of R&D at Epic. Jitin Asnaani, executive director of CommonWell countered, “We made repeated invitations to every major EHR … and numerous public and private invitations to Epic.”)

Epic then supported a separate effort to do much the same.

Last spring, Verma attempted to kick-start the sharing effort and later pledged a war on “information blocking,” threatening penalties for bad actors. She has promised to reduce the documentation burden on physicians and end the gag clauses that protect the EHR industry. Regarding the first effort at least, “there was consensus that this needed to happen and that it would take the government to push this forward,” she said. In one sign of progress last summer, the dueling sharing initiatives of Epic and Cerner, the two largest players in the industry, began to share with each other — though the effort is fledgling.

When it comes to patients, though, the real sharing too often stops. Despite federal requirements that providers give patients their medical records in a timely fashion, in their chosen format and at low cost (the government recommends a flat fee of $6.50 or less), patients struggle mightily to get them. A 2017 study by researchers at Yale found that of America’s 83 top-rated hospitals, only 53 percent offer forms that provide patients with the option to receive their entire medical record. Fewer than half would share records via email. One hospital charged more than $500 to release them.

Nor, it seems, can high-ranking federal officials. When Seema Verma’s husband was discharged from the hospital after his summer health scare, he was handed a few papers and a CD-ROM containing some medical images — but missing key tests and monitoring data. Said Verma, “We left that hospital and we still don’t have his information today.” That was nearly two years ago.

https://khn.org…

The Decade of Health Information Technology: Delivering Consumer-centric and Information-rich Health Care

By David J. Brailer, MD, PhD, National Coordinator for Health Information Technology
PNHP Quote of the Day (excerpts), July 21, 2004

While the federal government plays an important role in HIT adoption, the effective use of, and value creation from, this technology lies predominantly with the private sector. The federal government will provide a vision and a strategic direction for a national interoperable health care system, but will rely on a competitive technology industry, privately operated support services, and shared investments in HIT adoption. The private sector must develop the market institutions to deliver the products and services that can transform the paper-based health care system into an electronic, consumer-centered, and quality-based system. The private sector can best ensure that HIT products are successfully implemented in ways that meet the varying needs of American health care across settings, cultures, and geographies. The private sector can also continue constant innovation in HIT and ensure that products are delivered on an affordable basis.

Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.
Posted July 21, 2004

What has the magic of the competitive marketplace produced in the way of an integrated IT system to this date? High costs, very poor penetration, and system failures! Competitive market theory dictates that we should be leading the world with a high quality health care IT system at a low cost. What went wrong?

First of all, a fragmented system of multiple private plans, public programs and uninsurance does not provide an infrastructure that is very conducive to an integrated IT system. A single payer system, or, at minimum, a highly regulated system of universal coverage through multiple plans, would provide a framework that would ensure adaptability of an integrated IT system. Of course, a single, publicly administered system would be much preferred for an integrated IT system.

But the greatest difficulty with private IT solutions lies in the very nature of these marketplace models. Their goals are, above all, to maximize profits and to maximize the market price of their shares.

What might the private sector do that doesn’t serve our interests well? They will produce products that command the highest prices that the market will bear. They will design the products to provide a continuing revenue stream. Once gaining a significant share of the market, they will design incompatibility with other systems in an attempt to garner the entire market. They will design obsolescence into their systems to ensure future markets for their new innovative products. They will partner with and perhaps acquire other related entities that can expand profit potentials through greater control of components of the health care system which their products can influence. Although these are good business practices, they are terrible policies for our health care system.

The health information technology report released today (July 21, 2004) should alarm us all. Although we all agree on the importance of an integrated IT system, the Bush administration is limiting the role of the government to being an enabler that encourages the private sector to develop a successful business model. Rather than higher quality at a lower cost, we’ll end up with mediocrity at a much higher cost, wasting even more of our health care dollars.

https://www.pnhp.org…

Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.
Posted March 18, 2019

Fifteen years ago, and several times since, we’ve had quite a bit to say about the direction the nation was taking with electronic health records. The narrative in the comprehensive article today by Fred Schulte and Erika Fry comes as no surprise to us. The results of insisting that the project remain in the hands of competitors in the private marketplace, with a hands-off approach by our government stewards, has been a disaster.

It is ironic that CMS Administrator Seema Verma – an outspoken proponent of privatizing all things medical – two years after her husband’s emergency hospitalization, has been unable to obtain his electronic medical records. So much for the efficiency of the private sector.

Yet, Judith Faulkner, CEO and Founder of Epic Systems – the nation’s leading medical-record software provider – as of 3/18/19, ranks #597 on the Forbes list with a net worth of $3.8 billion.

Our health information technology system represents just a microcosm of our $3.8 trillion national health expenditures in a system that leads all nations in high costs while shamefully underperforming on universality, equity, efficiency, and affordable access. We know how to correct the deficiencies – simply enact and implement a well designed, publicly-administered and publicly-financed, single payer Medicare for All program. Yet the majority of our politicians, but by no means all, are rejecting Medicare for All as they insist on protecting and perpetuating our highly dysfunctional, multi-payer health care financing system.

The results of the refusal of our public stewards to be more involved in guiding our health information technology system surely must provide us with a lesson. Public systems in health care are designed as patient service models, whereas private systems are designed as business models. One directs the flow of money to enhance the care of patients, and the other directs that flow to enhance the financial success of the business entity. One has the objective of good health, and the other the objective of wealth enhancement. If that is difficult for Seema Verma to understand, maybe Judith Faulkner can explain it to her.

On a positive note, it should be mentioned that Judith Faulkner has signed The Giving Pledge, committing 99% of her assets to philanthropy. Business success in trying to deliver a public good does not necessarily equate with greed.

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Fixing Health Care: A Single-Payer Model

Interview with Dr. Joseph Jarvis

By Doug Fabrizio
KUER, RadioWest, March 18, 2019

We’re beginning a series of conversations about health care in the country and the best way to get it to the most people. We’re starting with a conservative case for the single-payer model.

There are a lot of ideas, but we’re going to begin with the single-payer model. Joseph Jarvis is a doctor and a public health consultant who’s written a book about his experiences in the system. He’s also a self-described conservative, which is why he says single-payer makes sense. It’s fiscally responsible, it can be state-based, and health care is a moral issue.

Dr. Joseph Jarvis is a physician and a consultant in public health and environmental medicine. His book is called “The Purple World: Healing the Harm in American Health Care.”

full audio:
https://radiowest.kuer.org…

What is Medicare for all — and why is it important?

By Steven Weiss, M.D.
LaCrosse (Wisc.) Tribune, March 17, 2019

In 2009, before Obamacare, a Harvard study estimated that 45,000 Americans died annually because they didn’t have health insurance.

Obamacare has shrunk the ranks of the uninsured from 50 million then to less than 29 million now — meaning that 8.8 percent of the country’s 327 million people still run the risk of premature death.

And lack of health insurance is the leading cause of personal bankruptcy, a uniquely American problem.

We spend far more on health care than any other nation — in 2017, 18 percent of GDP, a whopping $3.5 trillion, projected to exceed $5 trillion by 2023. Despite this huge sum, we lag other countries in health outcomes, including life expectancy and infant mortality.

Why do we pay so much and receive so little? As anyone who’s received a bill from a doctor’s office or hospital knows, they’re complicated. Thirty cents of every health-care dollar goes to profit and administration, a percentage that dwarfs all other nations.

Half of health-care spending goes to 5 percent of Americans. In this group of chronically ill patients, best practices are often not followed, and complex care may be poorly coordinated, including end-of-life care delivered in an Intensive Care Unit, which may be both medically futile and undesired by the dying patient.

Costly overtreatment isn’t limited to ICU settings.

It’s both wrong and wasteful to subject patients to care that can’t help them, whether it’s unnecessary antibiotics or surgery when watchful waiting is a better alternative.

Such care is rooted in outmoded habits, supply-driven doctor behaviors and ignoring science. Our current patchwork health-care system doesn’t do enough to encourage appropriate care.

Ever wonder why you can get the same drug in Canada for a fraction of its cost here? Because our government is prohibited from negotiating drug prices with pharmaceutical companies.

Why an MRI or a CT scan here costs several times more than the same exam in Europe? Blame a lack of price transparency and competitive markets.

So the time is right for HR 1384, introduced in the U.S. House Feb. 27 by Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal, D-Washington, and 106 co-sponsors.

The bill would cover all Americans, irrespective of whether they’re employed. (Employer-based insurance is an American historical anomaly; companies offered health insurance to lure soldiers returning from World War II.)

Under HR 1384, patients would not be responsible for cost sharing of medical expenses. Coverage would include hospitals, doctors, preventive care, prescription meds, dental and vision care, and mental health and addiction treatment.

Unlike a recent similar bill, nursing home care is also rolled in. Private insurers would be prohibited from competing with the government plan, though they could offer packages for non-covered items like cosmetic surgery.

How would it be paid for? A national health budget would be developed. There will be taxes, offset by reductions, for individuals, in insurance premiums, co-pays and deductibles. The government would negotiate drug prices with the companies that manufacture them.

Because company-provided insurance would go away, workers should expect higher salaries. No longer will people be tethered to a job because of having insurance there. Employers won’t have to worry about the year-to-year unpredictability of insurance premiums.

Opponents will decry what they will deem a “government takeover” of health care. But the only such takeover in HR 1384 concerns who pays the bills, and the government — Medicare, Medicaid, and the VA — already pays nearly two-thirds of health-care costs. The existing infrastructure of hospitals and clinics and medical schools will be unaffected.

The outcry from vested interests will show that HR 1384 will indeed cut costs. Remember Harry and Louise? Expect to see similar deceptive advertising. On the right, Sarah Palin’s death panels will be back in vogue, giving palliative care a bad name.

Our conservative friends advocate a society of equal opportunity, not equal outcomes. But when tens of thousands of our fellow citizens die annually because they lack health insurance, can we say that we’re providing equal opportunity?

Annual health-care spending exceeds $10,000 for each American, and it’s going up. Are you getting your money’s worth?

Please contact Congressman Ron Kind and encourage his support of HR 1384, and encourage Sens. Baldwin and Johnson to advocate for similar legislation in the Senate.

Dr. Steven Weiss is an internist at Mayo Clinic Health System in Eau Claire, Wisc. where he has practiced 30 years. He was the primary author for this piece after contributions from other members of the newly organized Western Wisconsin Chapter of Physicians for National Health Program. Co-signors include Mark Neumann, M.D., La Crosse; Lonnie Simmons, M.D., La Crosse; Ralph Knudson, M.D., La Crosse; Steve Manson, M.D., La Crosse; Erin Gutowski, D.O., La Crosse; Steve Brown, M.D., Menomonie; Diane Brown, R.N., Menomonie; Taryn Lawler, D.O., Viroqua; and Craig Brooks, Buffalo City.

https://lacrossetribune.com…

Medicare for All just what the doctor ordered

By Corinne Frugoni, M.D.
Eureka (Calif.) Times-Standard, March 16, 2019

“How on earth am I going to pay for this?” That was my first thought when diagnosed with cancer as a medical student. I would need two surgeries, and only had a limited student health plan. It turned out I was lucky. My surgeon friend got me discounted rates for services and I was cancer free within a year. I recognize that my experience is not the norm.

For years I’ve heard patients talk about this same paralyzing fear of cost. But after Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.) introduced a Medicare-For-All bill in the U.S. House of Representatives on Feb. 27, I have renewed hope that all Americans will never have to face such fear again.

The Medicare for All Act of 2019 would replace costly insurance premiums, copays and deductibles with less costly taxes that would cover essential care for everyone: doctor visits and hospitalizations, mental health, long-term care, prescription drugs. Even dental, vision and hearing would be covered. Everyone will have coverage regardless of health, wealth or employment status. Health insurance will be replaced by health assurance.

Eliminating for-profit insurance companies is the key to saving billions in administrative and operational costs, along with the government’s ability to negotiate lower pharmaceutical and medical device prices. With everyone in one risk pool, costs are distributed more evenly. Recent research shows that the United States could save trillions and simultaneously offer high quality health care that’s equally accessible to all residents. The U.S. president, Congress members, factory workers and single mothers will all have the same coverage. With a one-tier system, you bet government officials will make sure the system will work to benefit all.

Rather than shareholders competing for high-yield stock options, all Americans would gain financial peace of mind regarding their health.

Funded by combining the substantial sources we already have, including for Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health insurance systems, only modest new taxes would be needed.

The vast majority of people will save money.

Rural counties like ours that have difficulty recruiting and retaining doctors would benefit. That’s partly because Jayapal’s bill would provide regional funding for medically underserved areas.

Additionally, providing universal coverage would create a more uniform, fair-market value reimbursement rate, allowing private practice physicians, community clinics and rural hospitals to remain open. The current bureaucratic quagmire of multiple insurance regulations, a major cause of burnout for physicians, would also be eliminated. Regions could identify physician shortages and offer incentives to doctors to practice where they’re needed the most.

A Medicare-for-All system could lift the burden from local governments saddled with paying for employee health benefits. Health policies for Humboldt County’s 2,300-plus employees cost $18 million in 2017. Under a single-payer system, our local government could put those savings toward higher wages, infrastructure, or programs to improve quality of life.

Two concerns of organizations opposing single payer are choice and loss of private insurance. Let’s be clear about choice. Under our current fragmented system, we choose among an array of complicated insurance plans.

Under a Medicare-for-All plan, we will have a choice of healthcare providers and hospitals because networks will be eliminated. Single Payer means one network. It means giving up private insurance plans that target profit for hassle-free improved benefits. Your benefits card would entitle you to a doctor of choice who is free to provide the best care for you!

This system is already in place — and working — in a number of countries.

Let’s not be cynical but strive for the best. Remember some of our most treasured constitutional values started as dreams. We need to eliminate medical care for some with high quality, simplified Medicare for All.

So many compelling reasons to upgrade our health care system! But as a physician, my thoughts return to a former patient without health insurance. I discovered a suspicious growth in her colon, but she delayed surgery for three years, waiting to qualify for Medicare. By that time, the cancer had spread throughout her body and it was too late.

How many more will die in our country because they’re not getting the essential medical care they need? That choice is in the hands of our legislators. We will hold them accountable for their decisions.

Write or call your federal lawmakers at 202-224-3121 to express your support for Jayapal’s new bill.

We must act before it’s too late for ourselves and our loved ones.

Dr. Corinne Frugoni is a family physician in Humboldt and an Arcata resident. She’s a member of Physicians for a National Health Program and Health Care for All-California.

https://www.times-standard.com…

They tell us, ‘Medicare for All isn’t the only way to go’

Editorial: Medicare for All isn’t the only way to go

By Merrill Goozner
Modern Healthcare, March 16, 2018

Healthcare providers and insurers are gearing up to oppose Medicare for All. No surprise there. Insurers can’t look kindly on legislation that would put them out of business. And providers are deathly afraid of losing the high rates from private insurers that cross-subsidize government-funded patients.

But at the same time as they mobilize to defeat M4A, shouldn’t they be outlining what they support?

Here’s what M4A advocates want to achieve. The first is universal coverage. Sadly, we’re again moving away from this basic human right due to actions by the Trump administration to undermine the Affordable Care Act. They want lower prices. Insurance premiums for employers and out-of-pocket expenses for individuals and families continue to rise faster than wages or economic growth.

Finally, they want an end to the frustration engendered by a system that erects roadblocks between physicians and patients. These range from insurer rules requiring prior authorization to seemingly arbitrary limits on what doctors can perform or prescribe.

Is M4A the only way to solve these problems? Of course not. When it comes to covering the uninsured, the ACA worked just fine. Massachusetts, the first state to implement an ACA-like program, had an uninsured rate of 2.5% in 2017. That’s not the 0% of most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, but pretty close.

Politics are at the root of the ACA’s failures—not its Rube Goldberg design. The Supreme Court allowed states to opt out of the Medicaid expansion. And when the GOP-controlled Congress eliminated the individual mandate, key to making rates on the exchanges affordable, it reduced sign-ups, raised premiums and stopped the expansion dead in its tracks.

How about service prices? M4A would set prices at Medicare rates, which are well below private insurance rates but higher than Medicaid rates (both Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program are eliminated in Sen. Bernie Sanders’ M4A bill). But that’s not where most of its savings come from.

According to a sympathetic analysis from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, half of M4A’s savings come from reducing provider and insurer administrative overhead. Another quarter comes from lower drug prices.

But these are one-time savings that will do little to stop the upward spiral of hospital and physician costs, which account for two-thirds of all spending. That’s where we get to the third issue supposedly addressed by M4A: the administrative hassles and limits imposed on obtaining care.

These aren’t eliminated by an expanded public system. They simply transfer the policing of waste, fraud and abuse from private hands to public hands and change the motivation from padding profits to protecting taxpayers. In the past, Medicare has done a better job than private payers for one simple reason: it can impose price controls. Providers have responded by shifting much of the shortfall to their private-paying patients.

There are alternatives for achieving M4A’s goals. They include private companies offering exchange policies with well-defined coverage rules and strict limits on out-of-pocket costs; all-payer rate-setting or global budgets to slow the rate of price increases; merging Medicaid with Medicare (leaving long-term services and supports to the states), which would give private employers and families rate and tax relief; and establishing all-stakeholder oversight councils to develop medically appropriate utilization rules.

There’s more. The point is that in the post-Trump era, the U.S. will once again begin moving toward a healthcare system that is universal and affordable with high-quality care for everyone.

A multipayer approach could be like Germany and Switzerland, which rely on private insurers that are regulated to a much greater extent than currently exists in the U.S. Or it will be a single-payer system like Canada, Great Britain or France. Each delivers better results at a lower cost than the U.S.

I’m agnostic on which way to go. I’m still waiting for providers and insurers to articulate their vision.

Comment posted at Modern Healthcare:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

Put all the facts on the table and there should be no room left for agnosticism. A well designed, single payer, improved Medicare for all system does the following:

  • It is truly universal in that everyone is included automatically, for life.
  • It dramatically reduces profound administrative waste, recovering enough funds to pay for care for the currently uninsured and underinsured.
  • It addresses the problem of excessive prices by using publicly administered global budgeting and price negotiation, covering legitimate costs while eliminating gouging.
  • It improves equitable allocation of our health care resources through central planning and separate budgeting of capital improvements. Everyone would have reasonable access to care.
  • It makes the financing of health care equitable by replacing premiums and cost sharing with progressive taxes based on ability to pay. The financing of the universal health care risk pool is totally separated from the delivery of health care such that nobody is ever denied care because of the inability to pay for it.
  • Publicly administered programs are much more effective in reducing the trajectory of health care costs to sustainable levels (compare Canada’s spending curve to ours), ensuring that, well into the future, health care will be affordable for each of us and for society as a whole.
  • Our current system has twice the average per capita costs of other wealthy nations while we fall short on universality, effectiveness, equity, resource allocation, access, and quality. The Affordable Care Act left this extremely inefficient system in place, so building on it or compounding its complexity with the addition of a public option (expanding Medicare to the few who can afford it) cannot begin to correct the profound, expensive dysfunctions in our system.

Do we want a public service model designed to take care of patients, or shall we continue with a private business model designed to enrich the vested interests? There should be no question that it is time to end equivocation and get on with enacting and implementing a model that actually would work: Single Payer Medicare for All.

https://www.modernhealthcare.com…

Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

With the surge in popularity of the single payer Medicare for All model of reform, there understandably has been a groundswell of opposition by stakeholders who stand to lose and by ideologues on the right. The media is busy providing what they profess to be balanced reporting on this activity. Unfortunately, they seem to have bought the concept that Medicare for All is only an “aspiration” that can be dismissed because it doesn’t mesh with the machinations of the political system in this country. Thus they concentrate on the status of the Affordable Care Act and the supposedly politically feasible public option in the form of Medicare for the few who can afford to purchase it, as if this represents the only realistic pathway to reform.

I have followed Merrill Goozner’s journalistic efforts for quite a few years and know him to be a person of integrity. I understand why he mentions systems in other nations that work better than ours that are not single payer systems, thus concluding that Medicare for all is not the only way to go. I have to admit that I do get a little edgy when he says that he remains agnostic as to whether we should use a multi-payer system or a single payer system because he is “still waiting for providers and insurers to articulate their vision.”

Well, the realistic vision of health care nirvana has already been articulated in the single payer, improved Medicare for all model advanced by Physicians for a National Health Program and other organizations. Just a few features that make this model an imperative are listed in the response to Goozner’s editorial above. There should be no room left for agnosticism. The vision of single payer Medicare for All is based on solid health policy science.

It’s time to move forward with fine tuning the Jayapal Medicare for All bill in the House and the Sanders Medicare for All bill in the Senate. As the politics realign, we should be able to complete the legislative process by early 2021, and finally have heath care for all, effective January 1, 2022. Or maybe we should aim for July 1, 2021.

Stay informed! Visit www.pnhp.org/qotd to sign up for daily email updates.

Why we need Medicare for All

By Leslie Hartley Gise, M.D.
The Maui News, March 14, 2019

How can someone come out of the Maui hospital emergency room with a bill for $5,000? It is because we have allowed medical care in this country to become a very profitable enterprise. We have 30 million people without any health insurance and, as is the case for the person in the Feb. 17 Maui News article, another 40 million with inadequate insurance.

If you had no insurance, your bill would have been even larger. Even if you have health insurance from a “nonprofit” carrier, almost 14 percent of your premiums go to “overhead,” including obscene salaries for the CEOs. Even “nonprofit” insurance companies are motivated to minimize the amount of money spent on actual care in order to fund this increasing overhead. Go into any doctor’s office and you will find more employees dealing with insurance companies than treating patients.

One path to a better system is based on expanding traditional Medicare to cover everybody. “Medicare for All” can reduce heath care costs while preserving the freedom to choose health providers. The overhead of Medicare is 2 percent. The key feature of Medicare for All is that everybody is in one risk pool. That’s the way insurance works.

Eighty percent of us are pretty healthy and don’t use much medical care, about 20 percent of the total. Twenty percent of us use the remaining 80 percent of the medical care. When we are young, most of us use less medical care than when we are older, but major medical problems can affect any of us at any time. That is why we have insurance. We pay when we are healthy because we don’t want to go bankrupt if we get sick.

Hawaii has been a leader in striving for universal coverage with the Prepaid Health Act of 1974, which is an employer mandate to provide health insurance for employees who work 20 hours a week or more. It also provided protection from pre-existing conditions. The Hawaii Legislature passed a bill to establish the Hawaii Health Authority, which is charged with creating a plan to move Hawaii toward universal health care, however it has never been implemented. That needs to change. The Affordable Care Act got more people insured, but it did not control costs. We won’t have Medicare for All in the next two years, but there are things that we can do in our state.

Voters rank health care costs as their second most important priority, just after the economy. Health care costs are the largest single sector of the U.S. economy, almost one-fifth of our gross domestic product. We pay twice as much as other developed countries and our health outcomes are worse. We are not getting our money’s worth. Profits are soaring in the private health care and pharmaceutical industries, which will fight fiercely against Medicare for All.

The U.S. Congress has a Medicare for All bill, but congressional “leadership” has never allowed it to be given a hearing much less a vote. The 2019 Medicare for All bill, HR 1384, was just introduced on Feb. 27 and it needs to be given a hearing. It also needs a new financial estimate from the Congressional Budget Office. Previous estimates have found that Medicare for All will save trillions of dollars over 10 years.

It’s been five years since the Affordable Care Act has been implemented and it was never designed to achieve universal health care. There is nothing we can do to our money-based system that will accomplish this goal. We need a better system, Medicare for All.

Dr. Leslie Hartley Gise is a clinical professor, Department of Psychiatry, John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii; staff physician, Maui Memorial Medical Center (Maui Health System); and Hawaii contact person for Physicians For A National Health Program.

http://www.mauinews.com…

Medicare for All Explained Podcast: Episode 8

Interview with Gerald Friedman (Part One)

March 14, 2019

Economist Gerald Friedman details the tremendous costs of American health care in terms of overall spending, lost wages, and premature deaths. Single payer would lower these costs considerably. Hosted by Joseph Sparks. Additional episodes will be uploaded twice monthly. Subscribe in iTunes, or access a complete archive of the podcast, below.

https://medicareforallexplained.podbean.com

The socioeconomically deprived fare much better medically in Canada than in the USA

Care of acute conditions and chronic diseases in Canada and the United States: Rapid systematic review and meta-analysis

By Keren M. Escobar, Dorian Murariu, Sharon Munro, Kevin M. Gorey
Journal of Public Health Research, March 11, 2019

Abstract

This study tested the hypothesis that socioeconomically vulnerable Canadians with diverse acute conditions or chronic diseases have health care access and survival advantages over their counterparts in the USA. A rapid systematic review retrieved 25 studies (34 independent cohorts) published between 2003 and 2018. They were synthesized with a streamlined meta-analysis. Very low-income Canadian patients were consistently and highly advantaged in terms of health care access and survival compared with their counterparts in the USA who lived in poverty and/or were uninsured or underinsured. In aggregate and controlling for specific conditions or diseases and typically 4 to 9 comorbid factors or biomarkers, Canadians’ chances of receiving better healthcare were estimated to be 36% greater than their American counterparts (RR=1.36, 95% CI 1.35-1.37). This estimate was significantly larger than that based on general patient or non-vulnerable population comparisons (RR=1.09, 95% CI 1.08-1.10). Contrary to prevalent political rhetoric, three studies observed that Americans experience more than twice the risk of long waits for breast or colon cancer care or of dying while they wait for an organ transplant (RR=2.36, 95% CI 2.09-2.66). These findings were replicated across externally valid national studies and more internally valid, metropolitan or provincial/state comparisons. Socioeconomically vulnerable Canadians are consistently and highly advantaged on health care access and outcomes compared to their American counterparts. Less vulnerable comparisons found more modest Canadian advantages. The Affordable Care Act ought to be fully supported including the expansion of Medicaid across all states. Canada’s single payer system ought to be maintained and strengthened, but not through privatization.

From the Introduction

Canadians and Americans rate health care a top concern. They seem naturally to wonder if health care policies are greener on the other side of their unfenced 5,000-kilometer border. Some Americans − particularly concerned with health care inaccessibility among the uninsured − have called for a more Canada-like single payer system. In contrast, some Canadians − concerned with health care shortages − have called for a more American-like system with more private options. Aiming to contribute critical evidence to these debates, our research group has focused on the health care of people living in poverty. We assume that this magnifies human and policy significance.

From the Discussion

This study found that Canadians with any number of acute health conditions or chronic diseases are significantly more advantaged on health care access and outcomes compared to their counterparts in the USA. It estimated that the chances of Canadians receiving indicated treatments and surviving were 13% greater than Americans. That estimate was more unequivocal and larger than previous review estimates that were based on less internally valid research designs. We advanced and found much support for a meta-analytic country by socioeconomic status interaction. This clearly demonstrated that Canadian advantages were significantly larger among those living in poverty or those who were otherwise socioeconomically vulnerable such as the uninsured or inadequately insured.

Among patients who lived in high poverty neighborhoods, it was estimated that the chances of Canadians receiving indicated treatments and surviving were 36% greater than Americans. That estimate was essentially unequivocal across all the reviewed studies and was larger than a previous meta-analytic estimate based on less prevalently poor neighborhoods. Recalling that such a 36% differential is implicated across most common health conditions and diseases over the lives of millions of impoverished Canadians and Americans, its population-level significance is clear. In addition to accounting for socioeconomic factors most of these primary studies also accounted for key personal and contextual case-mix differences between Canada and the USA, notably disease severity and health care service endowments in diverse large to small urban or rural places. We consider the robustness of the observed Canadian advantage to be our review’s most provocative scholarly and policy-significant finding.

As with primary research, we think that the interpretation of significant interaction effects or important effect modifications ought to take precedence in synthetic research. Therefore, we think four more interpretive adjuncts are in order. First, larger Canadian advantages were replicated among socioeconomically vulnerable patients with acute conditions and chronic diseases, representing a multiplicative Canadian advantage among those living in poverty with chronic diseases. Such patients probably had multiple experiences with their respective health care system over several years. In other words, it seems that the longer patients were in contact with their respective Canadian or American health care systems, the larger were their respective advantages or disadvantages. Second, three studies included four assessments of wait-lists, estimating that the exemplary risks of experiencing relatively long waits for adjuvant cancer care or of dying while waiting for a liver transplant were much greater in the USA (RRs ranged from 1.89 to 2.99, precision-weighted RR=2.36, 95% CI 2.09-2.66) than in Canada. This evidence stands in stark contrast to prevalent contemporary political rhetoric. Third, all this field’s synthetic evidence strongly suggests a dose-response relationship between socioeconomic vulnerability and Canadian advantages. It seems, therefore, that Canada’s single payer healthcare system causally provides much better health care than does the USA’s multiple payer system that still leaves millions uninsured or inadequately insured. The Canadian health care system’s most pronounced evidence-based advantages are clearly among those who live in poverty who consistently experience much better health care compared to impoverished Americans. In short, the more socioeconomically vulnerable a person is the more protective a single payer health care system is likely to be.

The fourth interpretive adjunct arose serendipitously in our systematic search for eligible studies. We retrieved 8 within-Canada studies of socioeconomic factors and cancer care. Though ineligible for this review, these studies were very interesting. One observed a modest indirect low-income-care association. Five others observed similar trends, but were not statistically significant and two others were null. The pooled precision-weighted estimate was minuscule (RR=0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99). We identified more than 100 such within-USA studies nearly all of which observed the well-known, large American socioeconomic-care gradient. Six studies that were included in this review, but that also observed typically very low-income or poverty associations with cancer care in both Canada and the USA allowed for a controlled, precision-weighted synthetic comparison. A large disadvantage of being poor was observed in the USA (RR=0.73, 95% CI0.71-0.75) while no such association was observed in Canada (RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.96-1.02), z=14.44, P<0.05. Such within-country observations clarify the between-country comparisons. Given the intimate relationship between low socioeconomic status and health insurance inadequacy in the USA, but not in Canada, the pattern resolutely identifies inadequate health insurance coverage in the USA as the primary explanation for this study’s findings. It clearly indicts the USA for the largely inadequate health insurance coverage it provides its underclass, including those who live in poverty or near poverty as well as the periodically unemployed or underemployed middle-class. Most regrettably, this indictment holds true in post-Affordable Care Act America. For example, at the time of this writing, 14 states still had not fulfilled the Act’s legislative intent to expand Medicaid.

Conclusions

This field’s research now seems rigorous enough to support confident judgements about the relative effectiveness of Canadian versus American health care, especially among the most socioeconomically vulnerable. Socioeconomically vulnerable Canadians are consistently and highly advantaged on health care access and outcomes compared to their American counterparts. Less vulnerable comparisons found more equivocal and more modest Canadian advantages. The Affordable Care Act ought to be retained, indeed fully supported, including the envisioned expansion of Medicaid across all states. When politically achievable, however, single payer health care would better ensure truly equitable access and outcomes among America’s diverse population. Canada’s single payer system ought to be maintained and strengthened where needed, but not through the addition of private tiers.

Significance for Public Health

This study estimated that socioeconomically vulnerable Canadians’ chances of receiving better health care were 36% greater than their American counterparts and this estimate was larger than that based on general patient comparisons (9%). One may wonder about the public health significance of such relative risks/protections. Attributions of risk/protection among populations are a function of three factors of which relative risk is only one. The size of the population and the prevalence of exposure to risks are also important. In this instance, the entire USA population is at relatively greater risk of receiving lower quality care, its more prevalent low-income and inadequately insured populations more so. Applying our findings to population parameters and attributable risk formulations we estimated that without reform, over the next generation more than 50 million Americans will be treated less optimally and die earlier than had they enjoyed a single-payer health care system like Canada’s.

https://www.jphres.org…

Comment:

By Don McCanne, M.D.

Socioeconomically vulnerable residents of the United States fare much worse medically under our health care system than do socioeconomically vulnerable Canadians under their health care system. The authors of this meta-analysis estimate, “over the next generation more than 50 million Americans will be treated less optimally and die earlier than had they enjoyed a single-payer health care system like Canada’s.”

Solution? Single Payer Improved Medicare for All – Now!

Stay informed! Visit www.pnhp.org/qotd to sign up for daily email updates.